testis
- site of gamete(sperm) production
- contain coiled tubules (seminiferous tubules) where sperm are produced
epididymis
- aka ductus epididymis
- storage site for immature sperm
scrotum
- sac of skin containing testes located outside the body
- scrotum is located outside the body to ensure a 2-3 degree lower than body temp req for sperm production
vas deferens`
- aka ductus deferens
- tube that transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
ejaculatory duct
- connects vas deferens with seminal vesicle
male accessory glands- seminal glands
- located on posterior bladder surface
- secretes alkaline fluid containing fructose, citric acid, coagulating enzymes & prostaglandins
- contains substances involved in enhancing sperm motility
- forms 70% of semen volume
male accessory glands- prostate glands
- encircles the urethra inferior to bladder
- fluid plays role in activating sperm
- contains citrate, several enzymes and prostate-specific antigen
- PSA levels are measured in blood tests to assess for potential prostate cancer
male accessory glands- bulbo-urethral gland
- located inferior to prostate
- serves to lubricate penis prior to ejaculation
- serves to neutralise acidic urine
Sperm
- specialise cells structurally modified for function
sperm structure
HEAD- nucleus (DNA material from make, acrosome:contains enzymes that enable sperm to penetrate and enter egg
MIDPIECE- contains tightly packed mitochondria to provide a source of energy for sperm motility
FLAGELLUM- tail that propel sperm through female reproductive tract
testosterone
- promote sperm production
- development of sex organs to adult size
- promotes development of secondary sex characteristics
- promotes sex drive
ovaries
- responsible for production of female gamete (egg/ovum)
- contain mililions of follicles which will develop into mature follicles each month and release an ovum
fallopian tubes
- oviducts that receive ovulated oocyte
- site for fertilisation by sperm
- finger-like projections (fimbirae) collect oocyte during ovulation direct into fallopian tube
uterus
- located anterior to rectum and posterosuperior to bladder
- site of implantation and development of foetus
- lined with endometrium that is released monthly as menstruation
cervix
- junction between vagina and uterus
vagina
- posterior to urethra
- female organ of copulation
- receiving chamber for sperm- passageway for delivery of baby and menstural flow
Oestrogen (from ovary)
- secretion begins at puberty
- promotes growth ^ maturation of uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina to support pregnancy
- development of secondary sex characteristics (breast, pubic hair, wider hips, mensturation
- promotes oogenesis (oocyte development)
- promotes cervical mucus to become watery to facilitate sperm entry into the uterus
progesterone (from corpus luteum)
- primary affects are during pregnancy
- released after ovulation
- prepares endometrium for potential implantation (enrichment of blood vessels and nutrients
- prevents further follicle growth in ovary by inhibiting FSH and LH secretion
- causes cervical mucus to become viscous forming a ‘cervicval plug’
- encourages breast development during pregnancy
- placenta takes over role of secreting progesterone after 3mths pregnancy
Follicle stimulating hormone (from anterior pituitary)
- stimulates growth and maturation of follicles in ovary at start of new ovarian cycle
Luteinising hormone (from anterior pituitary)
regulates production of oestrogen by ovary and stimulates ovulation
