Week 8

Question 1

Carbs, fats (& proteins)

Answer 1

• For energy (kJ)

- cellular reactions

Question 2

Water and minerals

Answer 2

• hydration and osmoregulation

Question 3

Proteins, fats, carbs

Answer 3

• build structures (cells, tissues, organs) for growth, repair and maintenance

Question 4

Minerals and vitamins

Answer 4

• essential chemicals controlling reactions

Question 5

fats

Answer 5

• for organ protection, insulation and stored energy reserve

Question 6

Alimentary canal (gastro intestinal tract)

Answer 6

• mouth to anus
• digests food and absorbs fragments
• mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, lrg intestine

Question 7

accessory digestive organs

Answer 7

• teeth, tongue, gallbladder

- digestive glands and organs: salivary glands, liver, pancreas

Question 8

digestive process

Answer 8

1. ingestion
2. propulsion
3. mechanical breakdown
4. digestion
5. absorption
6. defecation

Question 9

Peristalsis

Answer 9

• adjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax, moving food along the tract distally

Question 10

Segmentation

Answer 10

• non adjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax, moving food forwards then backward
• food mixing and slow food propulsion occur.

Question 11

gallbladder

Answer 11

• secretes bile for emulsification of fats

Question 12

duodenum

Answer 12

• site or bile and pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate to be added to digestive tract

Question 13

absorption of vitamins- sml intestines

Answer 13

• fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) carried by micelles; diffuse into absorptive cells
• water soluble vitamins (C & B) absorbed by diffusion or passive/active transport
• vitamin B12 binds with intrinsic factor and is absorbed by endocytosis

Question 14

absorption of vitamins- lrg intestine

Answer 14

• vitamin K and B vitamins from bacterial metabolism are absorbed