common architectures that are used to implement multi-user DBMS?
- teleprocessing
- file-server
- client-server
Benefits of Cloud computing?
- cost-reduction
- scalability/agility
- improved security
- improved reliability
- access to new technologies
- faster development
- large scale prototyping
- more flexible working practices
- increased competitiveness
Risks of cloud computing?
- network dependency
- system dependency
- cloud provider dependency
- lack of control
- lack of information on processing transparency
Cloud-computing service models?
- software as a Service (SaaS):
- software and data hosted on cloud - Platform as a Service (PaaS):
- allows creation of web applications without buying/maintaining the software and underlying infrastructure - Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
- provider offer servers, storage, network and OS to consumers in a single bundle and billed according to usage.
Major components of a DBMS?
1. DML Preprocessor this module converts DML Statements embedded in an application program into standard function calls in the host language. DML Preprocessor must interact with Query Processor to generate the appropriate code.
- Query Processor
Query processor transforms queries into a series of low-level instructions directed by database manager. - DDL Compiler
DDL Compiler converts DDL statements into a set of tables containing metadata. These tables are then stored in the system catalog while control information is stored in data file headers. - Database Manager (DM)
DM interfaced with user-submitted application programs and queries. - Catalog Manager
catalog manager manages access to and maintainsthe system catalog. - File Manager
file manager manipulates the underlying storage files and manages the allocation of storage space on disk.
Components of database manager?
- authorization control
- command processor
- integrity checker
- query optimizer
- transaction manager
- recovery manager
- buffer manager
- scheduler
sebutkan 4 structures dari oracle logical database?
- tablespaces
- schemas
- data blocks
- extents/segments
IaaS (infrastructure as a Service)
managed by organization: Applications Data Runtime Middleware Operating System
managed by provider: Virtualization Servers Storage Networking
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
managed by organization:
Applications
Data
managed by provider: Runtime Middleware Operating System Virtualization Servers Storage Networking
SaaS (Software as a service)
managed by provider: Applications Data Runtime Middleware Operating System Virtualization Servers Storage Networking
Packaged Software?
Managed by organization: Applications Data Runtime Middleware Operating System Virtualization Servers Storage Networking
Cloud Computing adalah?
a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction
Key characteristics of Cloud Computing?
- On-demand self-service
- Broad network access
- resource pooling
- rapid elasticity
- measured service
Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA)
SOA adalah architecture for building applications that implement business processesas sets of services.
- Loosely coupled and autonomous services
- published at a granularity relevant to the service consumer
Web Services adalah?
Web services adalah software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-web service machine interaction over a network. web services share business logic, data, and processes through a programmatic interface accross a network.
Middleware adalah?
middleware is a generic term used to describe software that mediates with other software. 6 main types: 1. asynchronous Remote Procedure Call (RPC) 2. synchronous RPC 3. Publish/subscribe 4. message-oriented middle (MOM) 5. object-request broker (ORB) 6. SQL-oriented data access
Characteristics of Teleprocessing?
- One computer with a single CPU and a number of terminals
2. Processing performed within the same physical computer
Characteristics of File-Server?
- connected to several workstations across a network
- Database resides on file-server
- DBMS and applications run on each workstation
- the processing is distributed, typically a local area network (LAN)
Disadvantages:
- Significant network traffic
- copy of DBMS on each workstation
- Concurrency, recovery and integrity control more complex
Traditional Two-Tier Client-Server?
- Client (tier 1) manages user interface and runs applications.
- Server (tier 2) holds database and DBMS
Advantages:
- wider access to existing databases
- increased performance
- increased consistency
Three-Tier Client-Server?
Advantages:
- ‘Thin’ client, requiring less expensive hardware
- application maintenance centralized
- easier to modify or replace one tier without affecting others.
n-Tier Client-Server?
- three-tier architecture can be expanded to n tiers, with additional tiers providing more flexibility and scalability
Transaction Processing Monitors (TPM)
- Controls data transfer between clients/servers
- Provides a consistent environment for online transaction processing (OLTP)
Significant advantages:
- transaction routing
- managing distributed transactions
- load balancing
- funneling
- increased reliability
Web services approach uses accepted technologies and standards:
- XML (extensible Markup Language)
- SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol): communication protocol for exchanging structured information over the Internet based on XML.
- WSDL (Web Services Description Language): protocol based on XML used to describe and locate a web service
Distributed database?
logically interrelated collection of shared data physically distributed over a computer network
