Week 2

Question 1

Fungal Body (Mycelium, Mycelial mat)

Answer 1

a visible collection of hyphae

Question 2

Rhizoids

Answer 2

rootlike structures that anchor the fungal body

-anchoring hyphae

Question 3

Hypha (pl. Hyphae)

Answer 3

filaments that are long thin strands (fungal filaments)

-classified as septate (have walls separating cells) or aseptate (no cell walls)

Question 4

List of Fungi

Answer 4

• Candida albicans
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae
• Rhizopus stolonifer
• Penicillium notatum
• Aspergillus niger
• Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii)

Question 5

Fungi: Candida albicans

Answer 5

• has individual cells
• has pseudohyphae
• a pathogenic yeast

Question 6

Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer 6

• has individual cells
• has budding
• bakers yeast

Question 7

Fungi: Rhizopus stolonifer

Answer 7

-has hypha, fungal body, and rhizoids
Asexual structures:
-Sporangiophores- supports sporangium
-Sporangium(a)- fruiting body
-Sporangiospores- individual spores on sporangium

Sexual structures:

• Mating strands (+ and -)- attached to zygosporangium
• Zygosporangium- fruiting body
• Zygospores- individual spores on zygosporagium

Question 8

Fungi: Penicillium notatum

Answer 8

• has hypha, fungal body, and rhizoids
• Asexual reproduction structures:
• Conidiophore- reproductive hypha that supports the conidiospores (stem)
• Conidiospores (canidia)- individual spores (small, round to oval structures)

Question 9

Fungi: Aspergillus niger

Answer 9

-has hypha, fungal body, and rhizoids
-a pathogen
Asexual reproduction:
-Conidiophore- reproductive hyphae that supports conidiospores (stem)
-Conidiospores- individual spores (black circle; little spores all together)

Question 10

Fungi: Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii)

Answer 10

• unicellular
• Asexual reproduction:
• Mature cyst- 8 trophs inside cyst

Question 11

Unicellular fungi are called?

Answer 11

yeasts

Question 12

Multicellular forms of fungi are called?

Answer 12

molds

Question 13

How does fungi reproduce?

Answer 13

• sexually and asexually

- sexual reproduction requires the presence of 2 opposite mating types (+ and -)

Question 14

Heterotrophs

Answer 14

• must obtain nutrients from environment

ex: Fungi

Question 15

Fungi makes food products….

Answer 15

• cheese
• bread
• mushrooms
• alcoholic beverages

Question 16

5 Kingdom System

Answer 16

• Kingdom Monera
• Kingdom Protista
• Kingdom Fungi
• Kingdom Plantae
• Kingdom Animalia

Question 17

Characteristics Used to Classify Organisms

Answer 17

• Cell Type: prokaryotic or eukaryotic
• Cell Number: single or multicellular
• Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph or Heterotroph
• Cell Wall Present: what composition
• Motility: flagella, cilia, pseudopods
• Morphology (physical appearance)
• Fossil Record
• DNA analysis

Question 18

Taxonomy

Answer 18

the formal system for classifying and naming living things

Question 19

Binomial System of Nomenclature

Answer 19

• uses 2 names to identify the organism
• Genus and species is the scientific name
• Genus starts with a capital letter
• species with a lower case letter
• Both are written in italics or underlined

Question 20

Hypha-
Fungal body-
Rhizoid-

Answer 20

• Hypha- fungal filaments; long thin strands
• Fugal Body- collection of hyphae (mycelium, mycelial mat)
• Rhizoid- anchoring hyphae; root-like shape

Question 21

The Fruiting Body itself is called?

Answer 21

Sporangium

Question 22

Deuteromycetes

Answer 22

(fungi imperfecti)

• includes all of the fungi whose sexual spore has not been identified
• in order for sexual spores to form, both + and - strands must be present

Question 23

Basidiomycetes

Answer 23

(club fungi)
-the sexual spores (basidiospore) are formed by meiosis on special club-shaped structures located on the gills on the underside of the mushroom cap

Question 24

Ascomycetes

Answer 24

(sac fungi)

• includes yeasts, some mushrooms (morels, truffles)
• includes economically important plant pathogens

Question 25

Examples of Basidiomycetes

Answer 25

- mushrooms - puff balls - shelf fungi

Question 26

Examples of Ascomycetes

Answer 26

- Saccharomyces - Penicillium - Aspergillus - Candida

Question 27

How does yeasts reproduce?

Answer 27

asexually by budding

Question 28

Ascomycetes reproduction

Answer 28

reproduce asexually by producing haploid conidiospores at the ends of reproductive hyphae called conidiophores

Question 29

The sexual spore of a zygomycota is called?

Answer 29

zygospore

Question 30

The zygomycetes (zygomycota) asexually produce..?

Answer 30

spores at the tips of reproductive hyphae called sporangiophores

Question 31

Fungi grow best under what conditions?

Answer 31

slightly acidic conditions - tolerate high osmotic conditions - common spoilers of acidic, salty, or sugary foods

Question 32

Fungi: Cell walls and Filament walls are composed of?

Answer 32

Chitin

Question 33

Dimorphism

Answer 33

- can exist in two forms (fungi can) 1. Molds- multicellular 2. Yeasts- unicellular

Question 34

Mycology

Answer 34

the study of fungi

Question 35

Fungi are critically important as..?

Answer 35

Decomposers - fungi have the ability to degrade and recycle many complex organic molecules that would otherwise never break down - decompose lignin (plant cell wall component), cellulose (plant cell wall composition), and chitin (insect skeletal material)

Question 36

Fungi are very important in the biological control of?

Answer 36

Nematodes and as plant partners (symbiosis) in lichen and mycorrhizal relationships

Question 37

What is the causative agent of Candidiasis, thrush, and other diseases?

Answer 37

Candida albicans, a yeast