Define energy metabolism
Energy metabolism is the process of generating energy (ATP) from nutrients
Define enzyme
- A substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction
Nutrients are provided in the form of what macrionutrients
carbohydrates (CHO), fats (FAT), and proteins (PRO)
Define calorie
the amount of heat energy required to raise 1 gram of water by 1c (from 14.5c to 15.5c)
What is the conversion between kcal and kJ
1 kcal = 4.184kJ
Carbohydrate consist of what atoms
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
What is carbohydrates converted to
glucose (cellular respiration) or glycogen (liver and muscle storage)
what is carbohydrates stored as
Glycogen
Glycolysis yields what?
2 x ATP, 2 x pyruvic acid and 2 x NADH
3 types of fats
Simple
Compound
Derived
Function of fats
Energy source and reserve
- Protection of vital organs - Thermal insulation - Vitamin carrier and hunger suppressor - Hormone production
Fat is used in what metabolism
Aerobic Oxidative metabolism
Protein contains what molecules
Nitrogen
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
Protein functions
- Act as biological catalysts, form structural parts of organisms, participate in cell signal and recognition factors, and act as molecules of immunity
What are the 3 major sources of body protein
- Blood plasma
- Visceral tissue
- Muscle
Explain protein metabolism
- Process of deamination (nitrogen removal) forms urea which leaves body as urine
What biochemical routes do the remaining carbon skeletons follow
Gluconeogenesis
Energy source
Fat synthesis
Where is carbs stored
Liver
skeletal muscle
What are the three energy systems
he ATP - PCr system (ATP and creatine phosphate)
- The glycolytic system (glycolysis)
The oxidative system ( oxidative phosphorylation)
