Week 3

Question 1

Secondary drive theory

Answer 1

Infants attach (secondary drive) because adults feed them (primary drive)

Question 2

Harlow’s Monkeys

Answer 2

Findings in support of contact comfort and needing the presence of another for emotional attachment needs

Question 3

John Bowlby

Answer 3

Used Harlow’s experiments to challenge secondary drive theory

Question 4

Attachment

Answer 4

Strong disposition to seek proximity to and contact with a specific figure

Question 5

Attachment behavioral system

Answer 5

product of natural selection, Motivates an infant to seek physical proximity

Question 6

Universality hypothesis

Answer 6

All infants have attachment relationships that differ in quality

Question 7

Antecedent hypothesis

Answer 7

Predictors of attachment quality highlight the importance of environments and lived experiences

Question 8

Stages of Attachment

Pre-Attachment

<6 - 8 weeks

Answer 8

Infant does not discriminate between human like-figures
Caregiver Synchronizing (baby talk, slow speech)

Question 9

Stages of Attachment

Attachment in the making

~2 - 6 months

Answer 9

Proximity behaviors (scooting towards people)

Question 10

Stages of Attachment

Clear cut attachment

~7 - 24 months

Answer 10

Preference for caregiver, become child’s secure base and safe haven. Proximity behaviors at seperation

Question 11

Stages of Attachment

Goal directed partnership

~2 - 3 years

Answer 11

Child develops expectations for relationships with consistent caregivers. ToM (caregiver has own goals)

Question 12

Strange Situation

Secure Attachment (group B)

Answer 12

Parent is a secure base to explore environment. Seperation induces stress. Seeks proximity upon reunion

Question 13

Strange Situation

Anxious-ambivalent / Resitant

Insecure, Group C

Answer 13

Pre-seperation anxiety at times. Stress at seperation, not easily soothed upon reunion

Question 14

Strange Siutation

Anxious-Avoidant

Insecure, Group A

Answer 14

Rarely stressed with seperation. Agnostic or actively avoids contact upon reunion

Question 15

Disorganized

Insecure, Group D

Answer 15

Identified after original study. Contradictory escape / approach behaviors. May act fearful or confused upon reunion

Question 16

Bowlby’s Internal Working Model

Answer 16

Attachmetn security begins exogenously, becomes internalized. Perceptions of self and predictions for others

develop in the middle to end of the clear-cut attachment stage

Question 17

Competence Hypothesis

Answer 17

More securely attached infants should perform better across various domains

Question 18

“Romanian Orphanages”

Answer 18

High caregiver to child ratios lead to neglect and emotional deprivation

Question 19

Stability in attachment is..

Answer 19

A person-driven process (people interpret their experiences, evoke certain responses, and select familar environments)

Question 20

Romantic attachment

Answer 20

Follows blueprint of caregiver attachment processes. The internal working model should continue to drive expectations

Question 21

Four category model of adult attachment

Answer 21

preoccupied, secure, dismissive, fearful styles

Question 22

Four category model

Preoccupied style

Answer 22

Emotional (high expressiveness, higher crying frequency, social crying)

Question 23

Four category model

Secure Style

Answer 23

greatest intimacy, high self-confidence, collaborative problem-solving

Question 24

Four category model

Avoidant styles

Answer 24

Dismissive and fearful

Question 25

# Four category model Dismissive

Answer 25

High self confidence, distrust in others

Question 26

# Four category model Fearful

Answer 26

Social insecurity and lack of assertiveness

Question 27

Contemporary attachment research use

Answer 27

dimensional models instead of categorical models

Question 28

Attachment as a part of socialization

Answer 28

Prepares children for success in the environment they are most likely to experience

Question 29

# Slow vs Fast Life History Secure environment

Answer 29

Long-term orientation

Question 30

# Slow vs Fast Life History Insecure environment

Answer 30

Short-term orientation

Question 31

# Slow vs Fast Life History Consistent security

Answer 31

greater stability, a cooperative long-term orientation, slow life history trajectory

Question 32

# Slow vs Fast Life History