1
Q
what nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression
A
- facial nerve
2
Q
what pharyngeal arch have the muscles of facial expression formed from
A
- 2nd
3
Q
what lifts the eyebrow
A
- frontalis and epicranial aponeurosis
4
Q
what does the orbicularis oculi do
A
- allows you to blink
5
Q
what are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle
A
- palpebral and orbital parts
6
Q
what does the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle
A
- finer part
- allows you to blink
- to do with eyelid
7
Q
what does the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi muscle do
A
- further out and more dense
- allows you to close eyes more tightly
8
Q
where is the orbicularis oris
A
- just round the lip vermillion
- round the opening of the mouth
9
Q
what does the levator labii superiorous do
A
- elevates the upper lip
10
Q
what does the depressor labii superiorous do
A
- pull bottom lip down
11
Q
what does the levator anguli oris do
A
- elevates the corner of the mouth
12
Q
what does the risorius muscle do
A
- pulls corners of the mouth to the side
13
Q
what does the platysma muscle do
A
- keeps the tone of the neck
- wrinkle neck
14
Q
what does the buccinator muscle do
A
- use when eating to keep food in between cheeks
- keeps tone of cheek
15
Q
where does the temporal branch of facial nerve supply
A
- above the eye
16
Q
where does the zygomatic branch of facial nerve supply
A
- under the eye
17
Q
what happens if zygomatic branch of facial nerve damaged
A
- drooping eyelid
18
Q
what are the 5 branches of facial nerve
A
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
19
Q
where does the facial vein start
A
- under eye
- goes in quite a straight line
- deep to facial nerve
20
Q
what is the facial artery like
A
- very winding and twisted
21
Q
what arteries supply lip
A
- inferior and superior labial branches of the facial artery
22
Q
where is the inferior attachment of platysma muscle
A
- superficial fascia of upper thorax
23
Q
what passes through the supraorbital notch of the fontal bone
A
- supraorbital nerve which is a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
24
Q
what passes through the infraorbital foramen
A
- infraorbital nerve which is a branch of maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
- infraorbital artery and vein
25
what passes through mental foramen
- mental nerve, artery and vein
26
what are the superior and inferior attachments of occipital belly of sclap
- inferior = occipital bone
| - superior = epicranial aponeurosis
27
what are the superior and inferior attachments of frontal belly of scalp
- superior = epicranial aponeurosis
| - inferior = skin of forehead and eyebrows
28
what nerve innervates the frontal and occipital belly
- facial nerve
29
what are the 3 major salivary glands
- parotid
- sublingual
- submandibular
30
where are the minor salivary glands
- in tongue, palatine tonsil, palate, lips and cheeks
31
what kind of glands are salivary
- exocrine
32
what kind of secretions does parotid gland have
- serous
33
what is the average weight of parotid gland
- 15gm/25gm
34
where does the parotid gland sit
- occupies the deep hollow behind the ramus of the mandible
35
what gland does the facial nerve go through
- parotid
36
what is parotid fascia like
- deep layer is weak
| - superficial layer os strong
37
what are the 4 surfaces of the parotid gland
- superior
- superficial
- anteromedial
- posteromedial
38
what are the surface of the parotid gland separated by
- anterior, posterior and medial borders
39
what are the parotid relations at apex
- overlaps the posterior belly of digastric
- two division of retromandibular vein
- cervical branch of facial nerve
40
what are the parotid relations at superior surface/base
- auriculotemporal nerve
| - superficial temporal vessel
41
what are the parotid relations at superficial surface
- great auricular nerve
- superficial parotid lymph node
- parotid fascia
- posterior fibres of the platysma and risorius
42
what are the parotid relations at antero-medial surface
- grooved by posterior border of the ramus of the mandible
- medial pterygoid
- ramus of mandible
- masseter
- facial nerve and its branches
43
what are the parotid relations at posterior-medial surface
- grooved by posterior border of the ramus of mandible
- internal carotid artery
- external carotid artery
- styloid process with its muscles
- external carotid artery
- posterior belly of digastric
- mastoid process
- sternomastoid
- internal jugular vein
44
what are the parotid relations at anterior border
- zygomatic nerve
- transverse facial artery
- upper buccal nerve
- accessory parotid gland
- parotid duct
- lower buccal nerve
- marginal mandibular nerve
45
what are the parotid relations at posterior border
- sternomastoid
46
what are the parotid relations at medial border
- superior constrictor of pharynx
47
what are the arteries in parotid gland
- transverse facial artery
- superficial temporal artery
- maxillary artery
- posterior auricular artery
- external carotid
48
what are the veins in the parotid gland
- transverse facial vein
- superficial temporal vein
- maxillary vein
- retromandibular vein
- posterior division
- posterior auricular vein
- external jugular vein
- anterior division
- facial vein
- common facial
49
how long is parotid duct
- 5cm
50
where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity
- opposite the crown of the upper 2nd molar tooth
51
what is the nerve supply of the parotid gland
- parasympathetic = auriculo temporal nerve
- sympathetic
- sensory = great auricular and auriculotemporal nerve
52
what is the epicranius made up of
- 2 parts
| - temperoparietalis and occipitofrontalis
53
what covers the dome of the skull
- occipitofrontalis
54
what does the occipitofrontalis consist of
- 4 quadrilateral parts
| - two occipital and two frontal bellies
55
what are the frontal bellies
- adhered to superficial facia
| - broader than occipital bellies
56
what innervates the frontal bellies-
- the temporal branch of facial nerve
57
what do the frontal bellies do
- raise eyebrows and skin over roof of nose
58
where is the procerus muscle
- arises from nasal bone and lateral nasal cartilage
59
what is the insertion of procerus muscle
- fibres pass upwards to insert into the skin overlying the bridge of the nose
60
what supplies the procerus muscle
- temporal and lower zygomatic branches of facial nerve
61
what is the action of the procerus muscle
- depresses the skin over the bridge of the nose producing transverse wrinkles
62
what is the origin of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle
- arises mainly from the medial palpebral ligament and runs across the eyelid is front of the tarsal plates
63
what is the medial palpebral ligament
- in corner of eye
64
what is the insertion of palpebral part of orbicularis oculi muscle
- inserts into the lateral palpebral raphe
65
what is the nerve supply for palpebral part of orbicularis oculi
- temporal and zygomatic batches of facial nerve
66
what is the vasculature for palpebral part of orbicularis oculi
- superficial temporal, facial, infra-orbital branch of maxillary and ophthalmic arteries
67
what does the palpebral part of orbicularis oculi do
- sphincter of eyelids
- closing eye without effort
- blinking
68
what is the origin of the orbital part of orbicularis oculi
- arises from 3 sites
| - nasal part of fontal bone, frontal process of maxilla and the medial palpebral ligament
69
what is the insertion of orbital part of orbicularis oculi
- pass around the orbit in concentric loops
70
what is the nerve supply of orbital part of orbicularis oculi
- temporal and zygomatic branches of facial nerve
71
what is the vasculature of the orbital part of orbicular oculi
- superficial tempora, facial, infra-orbital branch of maxillary and opthalmic arteries
72
what is the action of the orbital part of orbicularis oculi
- forced closure of eyelids
| - screwing up eye
73
what is the origin of levator labii superiorous alaeque nasi
- begins at upper part of frontal process of maxilla then passes forwards and laterally at an oblique angle where it divides into medial and lateral slips
74
what is the insertion of levator labii superiorous alaeque nasi
- medial slip inserts onto greater alar cartilage of nose
- lateral slip continues into lateral part of upper lip
- superficial fibres of lateral slip curve laterally across fort and attach to floor of dermis at upper part of nasolabial furrow and ridge
75
what is the nerve supply of levator labii superiorous alaeque nasi
- zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve
76
what is the vasculature of levator labii superiorous alaeque nasi
- branches from facial and infra-orbital branch of maxillary arteries
77
what is the action of levator labii superiorous alaeque nasi
- primary function is to elevate the upper lip and dilate the nostril
78
what is the origin of levator labii superioris
- arises from maxilla at inferior margin of orbit, above the infra-orbital Forman
- muscle is deep to orbicularis oculi
79
what is the insertion of levator labii superioris
- some fibres pass down and are inserted into skin overlying lateral side of upper lip
- some fibres merge with orbicularis oris
- a small slip of muscle arises from frontal process of maxilla close to side of nose
80
what is the nerve supply of levator labii superioris
- zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve
81
what is the vasculature of levator labii superioris
- branches from facial and infra-orbital branch of maxillary arteries supply
82
what is the action levator labii superioris
- elevate upper lip
83
what is the origin of levator anguli oris
- arises from canine fossa of maxilla, immediately below infra-orbital foramen and passes down to corner of mouth
84
what is the insertion of levator anguli oris
- inserted into angle of mouth, intermingling with those of zygomaticus, triangularis and orbicularis oris
85
what is the nerve supply of levator anguli oris
- zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve
86
what is the vasculature of levator anguli oris
- superior labial branch of facial and infra-orbital branch of maxillary arteries
87
what is the action of levator anguli oris
- elevates corner of the mouth
88
what is the origin of zygomaticus minor
- in front of zygomaticus major in front of zygomaticotemporal suture
89
what is the insertion of zygomaticus minor
- runs down and forward to insert into lateral parts of upper lip
90
what is nerve supply of zygomaticus minor
- zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve
91
what is the vacualture of zygomaticus minor
- superior labial branch of facial artery
92
what is the action of zygomaticus minor
- elevates upper lip
93
what is the origin of zygomaticus major
- takes origin from lateral surface of zygomatic bone just in front of zygomaticotemporal suture
94
what is the insertion of zygomaticus major
- passes obliquely down to corner of mouth where it mingles with orbicularis oris
95
what is the nerve supply of zygomaticus major
- zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve
96
what is the vasculature of zygomaticus major
- arterial supply from superior labial branch of facial artery
97
what is the action of zygomaticus major
- pulls corners of the mouth up and out
98
what is the origin of masseter
- superficial part form zygomatic process of maxilla
- middle part from deep surface of anterior 2/3 of zygomatic arch
- deep part from deep surface of zygomatic arch
99
what is the insertion of masseter
- lateral surface of angle, ramus and coronoid process of mandible
100
what is the nerve supply of masseter
- masseteric nerve from anterior division of mandibular nere
101
what is vasculature of masseter
- transverse facial branch of superficial temporal, masseteric branch of maxillary artery and facial arteries
102
what is the action of masseter
- elevates mandible
103
what is the origin of risorius
- connective tissue overlying parotid glad
| - not from bone
104
what is the insertion of risorius
- insert into modulus at corner of mouth
| - runs horizontally across face
105
what is nerve supply of risorius
- buccal and zygomatic branch of facial nerve
106
what is vasculature of risorius
- superior labial branch of facial artery
107
what is action of risorius
- pulls corner of mouth laterally
108
what is the origin of buccinator
- anterior margin of pterygomandibular raphe
| - alveolar margins of maxilla and mandible in region of molar teeth
109
what is the insertion of buccinator
- run into orbicularis oris
| - lying deep to ramus of mandible
110
what is the nerve supply of buccinator
- buccal branch of facial nerve
111
what is the vasculature of buccinator
- branches of facial artery and from buccal branch of maxillary artery
112
what is the action of buccinator
- help in mastication
| - keep food in mouth
113
what is origin of depressor anguli oris
- extensive area around external oblique line of mandible
114
what is insertion of depressor anguli oris
- fibres pass up to corner of mouth
115
what is nerve supply of depressor anguli oris
- buccal and mandibular branches facial nerve
116
what is vasculature of depressor anguli oris
- inferior labial branch and mental branch of maxillary artery
117
what is action of depressor anguli oris
- depress corners of mouth
118
what are the different components of orbicularis oris
- upper, lower, left and right
119
what is the nerve supply of orbicularis oris
- buccal and marginal mandibular branches of facial nerve
120
what is the vasculature of orbicularis oris
- superior and inferior labial branches of facial artery
121
what is the action of orbicularis oris
- closure, protrusion and pursing of lips
122
what is the origin of the depressor labii inferioris
- arises from mandible just in front of mental foramen
123
what is the insertion of depressor labii inferioris
- fibres pass up and medially to converge with orbicularis oris
124
what is the nerve supply of depressor labii inferioris
- the marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve
125
what is the vasculature of depressor labii inferioris
- inferior labial branch of facial and mental branch of maxillary arteries
126
what is the action of depressor labii inferioris
- depresses lower lip and draws it laterally
127
what is the origin of the superficial temporal artery
- one of the terminal branches of the external carotid artery within the parotid gland
128
what is the course of the superficial temporal artery
- emerges from superior surface of gland, passes towards scalp crossing zygomatic process of temporal bone
129
what are the branches of superficial temporal artery
- anterior and posterior branches
- also called frontal and parietal branches
- glandular branches, middle temporal artery, auricular branches, zygomatic-orbital branch
130
what does the superficial temporal artery supply
- frontal and parietal parts of the scalp, parotid gland, temporalis muscle, lower part of ear and orbicularis oculi muscle
131
what is the origin of the facial artery main trunk
- anterior surface of external carotid artery in the neck
132
what is the course of the facial artery
- passes up and forwards, deep to digastric muscle towards inferior border of mandible
- quite twisty
133
what are the branches of the facial artery
- inferior labial, superior labial and angular arteries in the face
- in neck it gives ascending palatine artery, tonsillar artery, branches of submandibular gland, and submittal artery to supra hyoid muscles
134
what is the origin of the superior labial branch
- splits from labial artery facial branch of facial artery
135
what is the course of superior labial branc
- runs along superior border of orbicularis oris
136
what does the superior labial branch supply
- upper lip, septum and nasal cartilage
137
what does the inferior labial branch supply
- inferior labial glands, surrounding musculature and mucous membranes
138
what is the origin of the inferior labial branch
- splits from facial branch of facial artery
139
what is the course of the inferior labial branch
- travel up deep to depressor anguli oris, penetrates orbicularis oris and runs along inferior border of lower lip
140
where is the superficial temporal vein formed
- above the zygomatic arch
141
what does the superficial temporal vein join with to form the retromandibular vein
- the maxillary vein
142
what does the superficial temporal vein receive
- transverse facial vein and veins from the parotid gland and ear
143
what are the tributaries of the facial vein
- nasal, deep facial and superior and inferior labial veins
144
where does the facial vein begin
- begins as the angular vein at the medial corner of the eye
145
what is the angular vein formed from
- the supra-orbital and supratrochlear veins
146
where does the facial vein join the retromandibular vein
- at the submandibular region
147
what does the facial vein drain into
- internal jugular vein
148
what does the deep facial vein connect the facial vein with
- pterygoid venous plexus in the infra temporal fossa
149
where is the mental nerve in line with
- premolars
150
what is the weakest part of the skull
- pterion
151
where does the parotid gland sit
- in front of the ear
152
why is the facial artery very winding
- to allow movement of the mandible without stretching the vessel
153
how dow we test orbicularis oculi my zygomatic branch
- test if patient can close eyes
154
how can we test the buccal branch
- patient to puff out cheeks
| - patient to smile and see if corners of mouth go up or not
155
what are 'lines of stress' called
- Langer's lines
156
what happens if you cut along Langer's lines
- if cut along here and stitch it up it will probably heal well with little scarring, but if it is not cut along one of these then it is more likely to scar
BDS3 - Anatomy
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