Week 3 - topic 3

Question 1

Nerves

Answer 1

• Nerves are bundles of individual neurons contained within a protective membrane that allow the brain and spinal cord to communicate with the rest of the body.
• > Nerves convey sensory information to the CNS.
• > Nerves convey messages from the CNS to the body’s muscles and glands

Question 2

Cranial nerves

Answer 2

• Peripheral nerves attached directly to the brain.
• There are 12 pairs of them.
• Some cranial nerves have sensory functions and some have motor functions

Question 3

Olfactory and optic nerves

Answer 3

1. Olfactory – sensory fibers
   - > for the sense of smell
   - > olfactory bulb
2. Optic – sensory fibers
   - > helps with our visual sense

Question 4

Oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal and abducens nerves

Answer 4

3. Oculomotor – motor fibers
   - > control of eye muscles and their movements
4. Trochlear – motor fibers
   - > control of eye muscles and their movements
5. Trigeminal – sensory fibers and motor fibers
   - > sensations in the face and motor functions of the jaw
   - > control touch and pain
6. Abducens – motor fibers
   - > controls muscles of the eyes and their movements

Question 5

Facial, auditory and glossopharyngeal nerves

Answer 5

7. Facial – sensory fibers and motor fibers
   - > controls taste and muscles and movements of face
8. Auditory – sensory fibers
   - > hearing and balance
9. Glossopharyngeal – sensory fibers and motor fibers
   - > sensory and motor functions of tongue and throat

Question 6

Vagus, spinal accessory and hypoglossal nerves

Answer 6

10. Vagus – sensory fibers and motor fibers
    - > really long nerve
    - > controls muscles and movements of internal organs
11. Spinal Accessory – motor fibers
    - > muscles and movements of neck
12. Hypoglossal – motor fibers
    - > muscles and movements of tongue

Question 7

PNS

Answer 7

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of the cranial and spinal nerves

These nerves allow the brain and spinal cord (CNS) to communicate with the rest of the body

Question 8

Spinal nerve

Answer 8

a peripheral nerve attached to the spinal cord

Question 9

Afferent and efferent axons

Answer 9

Afferent Axons = Arriving/sensory

Efferent Axons = Exiting/motor

Question 10

Spinal cross section

Answer 10

*look up image

Question 11

Structure of the PNS - somatic and autonomic

Answer 11

• The somatic system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the movement of skeletal muscles or transmits somatosensory information to the central nervous system.
• In contrast, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the portion of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s vegetative functions

Question 12

Parasympathetic system V Sympathetic system

Answer 12

*look up image