WEEK 4 (CHAPTER 4)

Question 1

for dementia

Answer 1

• Donepezil hydrochloride 5 mg
• Rivastigmine tartrate 1.5 mg

Question 2

for antihypertensive

Answer 2

• Lisinopril 5 mg
• Trandolapril 2 mg

Question 3

for gout

Answer 3

Colchicine 0.6 mg

Question 4

for parkinson disease

Answer 4

Rasagiline mesylate 0.5 mg

Question 5

for angina pectoris

Answer 5

Nitroglycerine 0.3 mg

Question 6

for heart failure; atrial fibrillation

Answer 6

Digoxin 0.125 mg (125 μg)

Question 7

for hypothyroidism

Answer 7

Levothyroxine sodium 0.025 mg (25 μg)

Question 8

• solvents are used to dissolve the drug
  substance
• flavors and sweeteners are used to make
  the product more palatable
• colorants are added to enhance appeal
• preservatives may be added to prevent
  microbial growth
• stabilizers, such as antioxidants and
  chelating agents, may be used to prevent
  decomposition

Answer 8

PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
AND EXCIPIENTS

Question 9

• presents monographs on more than 300 excipients used in dosage form preparation
• Each monograph includes such information as
• nonproprietary
• chemical, and commercial names
• empirical and chemical formulas and molecular weight
• pharmaceutical specifications and chemical and physical properties
• incompatibilities and interactions with other excipients and drug substances
• regulatory status; safety, stability, and handling information
• applications in pharmaceutical formulation or technology.

Answer 9

Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients

Question 10

The proper combination of flavor,
fragrance, and color in a pharmaceutical
product contributes to its acceptance.

Answer 10

Appearance and Palatability

Question 11

• applies primarily to liquids intended for oral administration
• can mask the disagreeable taste
• Drugs placed in capsules or prepared as coated tablets may be easily swallowed with no contact between the drug and the taste buds.
• Tablets containing drugs that are not especially distasteful may remain uncoated and unflavored. Swallowing them with water usually is sufficient to avoid undesirable taste sensations.

Answer 11

Flavoring Pharmaceuticals

Question 12

salty taste

Answer 12

are evoked by chlorides of sodium, potassium, and
ammonium

Question 13

elicit bitter and salty sensations

Answer 13

» are evoked by sodium bromide, bromides of potassium and
ammonium

Question 14

bitter

Answer 14

» potassium iodide and magnesium sulfate (epsom
salt)

Question 15

• are considered effective for masking the taste of
  bitter drugs.

Answer 15

cocoa-flavored vehicles

Question 16

• are frequently used to combat sour or acid-tasting
  drugs,

Answer 16

Fruit or citrus flavors

Question 17

have been successfully used to make preparations of salty drugs more palatable.

Answer 17

cinnamon, orange, raspberry, and other flavors

Question 18

• for esthetics
• Synthetic coloring agents were first
  prepared in the middle of the 19th century
  from principles of coal tar.

Answer 18

Coloring Pharmaceuticals

Question 19

a thick, black viscid liquid,
is a by-product of the destructive distillation of coal.

Answer 19

Coal tar (pix carbonis)

Question 20

must not interfere with the
therapeutic efficacy of a pharmaceutical
product nor should they interfere with the
performance of quality control assay
procedures.

Answer 20

COLORANTS

Question 21

must be preserved
against microbial contamination.

Answer 21

PHARMACEUTICALS