Week 5

Question 1

Partial Pressure (p)

Answer 1

fractional concentration of gas relative to other gases present x overall atmospheric pressure

Question 2

Bulk Flow

Answer 2

Physical movement of fluids or gases because of pressure differences

Question 3

Ventilation

Answer 3

First step of bulk flow, movement of air or water (respiratory medium) past specialized respiratory surface.

Question 4

Circulation

Answer 4

2nd step of bulk flow, movement of blood carrying O2 to cells and CO2 to respiratory exchange surface

Question 5

Rate of Flow Equation

Answer 5

Q=P/R
Q=Flow
P=Pressure that drives flow
R=Resistance to flow

Question 6

Steps of Gas Exchange/Reverse Steps for CO2 Removal

Answer 6

1.) Ventilation
2.) Buildup of O2 -> diffusion of O2 into blood across respiratory surface
3.) Circulation
4.) O2 diffuses from blood to mitochondria for ATP production

Question 7

Counter-Current Exchange

Answer 7

Fluids with different properties move in opposite directions to efficiently exchange properties

Question 8

Open Circulatory System

Answer 8

Circulating fluid (hemolymph) is contained in body cavity and bathes tissues and organs, small animals, insects, mollusks

Question 9

Closed Circulatory System

Answer 9

Internal vessels and a pump (heart) transport blood to different regions of the body

Question 10

Vasoconstriction

Answer 10

Blood pressure drops -> Smooth muscles contract -> narrowing of blood vessels -> Increases vessel resistance and decrease blood flow to the limbs

Question 12

Vasodilation

Answer 12

Blood pressure increases -> Smooth muscles relax -> widening of blood vessels -> decrease vessel resistance and increase blood flow to limbs

Question 13

Systemic Circulation

Answer 13

Circulation of blood to body

Question 14

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 14

Circulation of blood to lungs