1
Q
Explain the P wave.
A
- artrial depolarisation
- upright, rounded and symmetrical
- peaked p waves reflect atrial enlargement
2
Q
Explain the PR interval.
A
- distance from the beginning of the p wave to the beginning of the QRS complex
- represents time of impulse from SA node to ventricles
3
Q
Explain the QRS complex.
A
- depolarisation from AV node throughout ventricles
- the first small downward deflection is the “Q” wave
- first upward deflection is the “R” wave
- deflection following the R wave is the “S” wave
4
Q
Explain the ST segment.
A
- from the end of QRS to beginning of T
- relationship to baseline is important
- ST depression may indicate myocardial ischaemia
- ST elevation may indicate myocardial injury
- connects the QRS complex to the T wave
5
Q
Explain the T wave.
A
- ventricular repolarisation
- should look round and smooth
- tall, inverted, or pointy T’s may indicate myocardial injury or hyperkalaemia
- inverted or “flattened” T’s may indicate ischaemia
- notched T’s may indicate pericarditis
6
Q
What part of the heart are leads II, III, AVF looking at?
A
Inferior wall left ventricle
7
Q
What part of the heart are leads I, AVL, V5 and V6 looking at?
A
Lateral wall left ventricle
8
Q
What part of the heart are leads V1 and V2 looking at?
A
Intraventricular septum.
9
Q
What part of the heart are leads V3 and V4 looking at?
A
Anterior wall left ventricle.
10
Q
What is the difference between a temporary and permanent pacemaker?
In your own time, look up the purpose and indications for a pacemaker.
A
Temporary
- in temporary pacing the energy source is located outside the heart.
Permanent
- in permanent pacing, the pacemaker is inserted under the skin.
11
Q
What are potential complications of pacemaker insertion?
A
- haematoma
- infection
- lead dislodgement
- pneumothorax
