week 5 more

Question 2

Anti-viral drugs

Answer 2

Can potentially exert action at several stages of viral replication
* Viral attachment and entry into host cell
* Un-coating of viral nucleic acid
* Synthesis of early viral regulatory proteins
* Synthesis of RNA or DNA nucleic acids
* Late protein synthesis and processing
* Viral packaging and assembly
Combination therapy is often used
* More than one stage is inhibited

Question 3

Age-related considerations-children

Answer 3

• Fewer clinical trials on children
• Penicillins and Cephalosporins generally safe
• Erythromycin and Zithromax (azithromycin), aka Z-Pak, considered
  safe

Question 4

for children,

• Penicillins and Cephalosporins generally safe
• Erythromycin and Zithromax (azithromycin), aka Z-Pak, considered
  safe

true or false

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Antimicrobials and children

• ___________ can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
• ____________ are contraindicated in children younger than 8 years old,
  effects on teeth
• Clindamycin requires liver and kidney monitoring in neonates and
  infants

Answer 5

antimicrobials and children

• Aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
• Tetracyclines are contraindicated in children younger than 8 years old,
  effects on teeth
• Clindamycin requires liver and kidney monitoring in neonates and
  infants

Question 6

can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity in children

Answer 6

Aminoglycosides

Question 7

are contraindicated in children younger than 8 years old,
effects on teeth

Answer 7

tetracyclines

Question 8

contraindicated in children under 18 yo.
* May have effects on weight bearing joints.

Answer 8

Fluoroquinolones

Question 9

Antimicrobials and older adults

• Penicillins are generally safe
  *but IV admin. can cause ________

Answer 9

hyperkalemia

Question 10

Antimicrobials and older adults

Cephalosporins are considered safe but can affect or worsen ______ ______

Answer 10

renal failure

Question 11

Antimicrobials and older adults

___________ are contraindicated in severe renal impairment

Answer 11

aminoglycosides

Question 12

Antimicrobials and older adults

_________ can also cause ototoxicity

Answer 12

aminoglycosides

Question 13

Antimicrobials and older adults

• Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) may be associated with impaired ______ or _______function
• Tetracyclines (except doxycycline) is contraindicated in impaired renal
  function

Answer 13

• Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) may be associated with
  impaired liver or kidney function
• Tetracyclines (except doxycycline) is contraindicated in impaired renal
  function