Where did environmental justice movements emerge?
Grassroots struggles in the U.S. during the 1970s–1980s.
Why is environmental justice fundamentally about power?
It examines who receives environmental harms and who has decision-making authority
Which disciplines contribute to environmental justice theory?
Environmental sociology, political ecology, geography, and environmental science
What does radical environmental justice emphasize?
Structural inequalities, colonial histories, and power relations
Why does environmental justice go beyond distribution?
Justice includes recognition, participation, and capabilities — not just outcomes
what is distributive justice
who gets environmental benefits and who bears burdens
difference between distributive justice and procedural justice
Distribution = outcomes
Procedural = decision-making power
what is recognition justice
respect for political autonomy and cultural difference.
why is recognition about power
misrecognition excludes groups from governance
what is procedural justice
who participates and who has authority in environmental decisions
3 types of power discussed in procedural justice
actor-oriented power
structural power
discursive power
what is capabilities theory
justice involves the ability to live meaningful lives and exercise agency
why is the Fairy Creek blockade an environmental justice example?
it highlights conflicts over governance, recognition, and land rights
