Pharmacology > week 7 > Flashcards

week 7 Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Risks of Hypertension

A

Heart disease

Kidney disease

Blindness Stroke

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2
Q

goal of Diuretics

A

to decrease fluid volume by increasing urinary output

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3
Q

what are diuretics used to treat?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Prevent Renal Failure
  • Edema that occurs in:
  • CHF
  • Cirrhosis
  • Increased intracranial pressure
  • Increased intraocular pressure
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4
Q

5 Diuretic Classes

A
  1. loop diuretics
  2. Thiazide Diuretics
  3. Osmotic Diuretics
  4. Potassium Sparing Diuretics
    1. aldosterone antagonist
    2. non-aldosterone antagonist
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5
Q

prototype of Loop High Diuretics

A

furosemide

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6
Q

most common adverse effects of Loop High Diuretics

A
  • CV: orthostatic hypotension
  • CNS: dizziness, lightheadedness, and vertigo
  • GI: anorexia, nausea, and vomiting
  • Genitourinary (GU): polyuria and nocturia
  • Dehydration
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7
Q

Interactions to avoid with Loop High Diuretics

A

Digoxin

Lithium

antihypertensives

NSAIDS

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8
Q

prototype of Thiazide Diuretics

A

hydrochlorothiazide

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9
Q

who should Thiazide diuretics not be given to ?

A

people with a sulpha allergy or have gout

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10
Q

how do Non-aldosterone antagonists effect urine?

A

turns urin a bluish color

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11
Q

prototype of Osmotic Diuretics

A

mannitol

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12
Q

what do you have to do with osmotic diuretics befor administering

A

•Warm drug in water before administering to dissolve crystals

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13
Q

Adverse effects of osmotic diuretics

A
  • Heart failure/pulmonary edema-
  • Kidney failure
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14
Q

prototype of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Diuretics

A

acetazolamide

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15
Q

what electrolyte to monitor if a patient is on a loop diuretic?

A

potassium levels

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16
Q

what does the use of ACE inhibitor drugs lead to?

A
  1. Vasodilation
  2. Excretion of sodium and water; retention of potassium
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17
Q

what are ACE drugs used for?

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Heart failure
  3. MI (decrease risk of heart failure)
  4. Diabetics
  5. For high risk cardiac patients
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18
Q

ACE medications end in…?

A

“Pril”

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19
Q

Adverse effects of ACE drugs (6)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Cough
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Rash
  • Angioedema
  • Neutropenia (usually with

captopril)

20
Q

“kissing cousin” of ACE drugs

21
Q

All ARBS drugs end in..?

22
Q

beta blockers all end in ..?

23
Q

Antianginal Drugs

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Organic Nitrates
  • Beta blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
24
Q

What is Angina?

Study These Flashcards
A

Chest pain occurring suddenly under the sternum caused by ischemia to the heart

25
nitroglycerin is the prototype of which drug group?
organic nitrates
26
what is nitroglycerin used for? (2)
1. acute angina attack 2. Prophylaxis of chronic stable angina or variant agina
27
How does nitroglycerin work to treat angina?
nitroglycerin dilates the blood vessels increases blood flow to heart
28
Adverse effects of Nitroglycerin (3)
1. orthostatic hypotension 2. headache 3. reflex tachycardia
29
What can further the lowering of blood pressure if taken with nitroglycerin? (3)
Viagra, Levitra, Cialis
30
What should be checked before the administration of nitroglycerin?
BP and Pulse
31
uses of potassium sparing diuretics
– Hypertension – Edematous states – Severe heart failure –Hyperaldosteronism
32
uses for osmotic diuretics
* Acute renal failure * Increased intracranial pressure * Increased intraocular pressure
33
3 types of angina
chronic stable angina varient angina unstable angina
34
do beta blockers work for varient agina
no
35
drug therapies for variant angina
organic nitrates calcium channel blockers
36
drugs for unstable Angina
MONABA 1. morphine 2. oxygen 3. nitrates 4. anti platelets 5. beta blockers 6. ACE Inhibitors
37
what common drug can you not take with nitrates?
viagra - do not take anywhere within 24 hours
38
how can agina quickly relieve angina?
by taking it under the tongue
39
which 3 drug types should a patient be on to prevent MI
an antiplatelet a statin an ACE Inhibitor
40
Basic action of ARBS
Blocks the action of angiotensin II
41
what does the basic action of ARBS result in
1. vasodilation 2. Excretion of sodium and water 3. Retention of potassium
42
Uses of ARBS
hypertension heart failure stroke prevention delay progression of diabetic nephropathy
43
complications/adverse effects of ARBS
angioedema fetal injury
44
important aldosterone antagonist drug
spironolactone
45
Action of aldosterone antagonists
Reduce blood volume by blocking aldosterone receptors in the kidney thus promoting excretion of sodium and water.
46
what are aldosterone antagonists used for?
Hyperstension Heart failure
Pharmacology
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