Week Two

Question 1

What does the glycocalyx do?

Answer 1

Helps build biofilms

Question 2

What are the qualities of gram-positive bacteria?

Answer 2

Thick peptidoglycan layer
Thick cell wall

Question 3

What are the qualities of gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 3

Thin peptidoglycan layer (1 layer)
Bi-lipid membranes
Think cell membrane

Question 4

Gram-positive bacteria are what colour?

Answer 4

Purple

Question 5

Gram-negative bacteria are what colour?

Answer 5

Pink

Question 6

_____ cells are in direct contact with the external environment.
Prokaryotic and unicellular
Multicellular

Answer 6

Prokaryotic and unicellular

Question 7

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

Answer 7

Binary fission

Question 8

How do eukaryotes reproduce?

Answer 8

Mitosis and meiosis

Question 9

What does the cocci shape look like?

Answer 9

Spherical

Question 10

What does the bacilli shape look like?

Answer 10

Hotdogs

Question 11

What does the pleomorphic shape look like?

Answer 11

A mixed bag of different shapes

Question 12

What does the vibrios shape look like?

Answer 12

Worms or cheetos

Question 13

What does the spirillum shape look like?

Answer 13

Spirals and squiggles

Question 14

What does the spirochetes shape look like?

Answer 14

Thin spirals/squiggles

Question 15

What does the diplococci arrangement look like?

Answer 15

Pairs

Question 16

What does the streptococci arrangement look like?

Answer 16

Beadlike chains

Question 17

What do tetrad arrangements look like?

Answer 17

Four leaf clover

Question 18

What do sacinae arrangements look like?

Answer 18

Cubes (8 units per cube)

Question 19

What do staphylococci arrangements look like?

Answer 19

Grapelike clusters

Question 20

What is a palisade arrangement?

Answer 20

When cells divide along the long axis of the cell and remain attached
/\/\/\/\/\/

Question 21

What are some factors that influence bacterial growth?

Answer 21

Nutritional requirements, temperature, osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, other atmospheric conditions

Question 22

What are phototrops?

Answer 22

Acquire energy from light

Question 23

What are chemotrops?

Answer 23

Acquire energy from chemical compounds

Question 24

What are photoautotrophs?

Answer 24

Acquire energy from sunlight and carbon together

Question 25

What are chemoautotrophs?

Answer 25

Acquire energy through chemical compounds and carbon dioxide together

Question 26

What are photoheterotrophs?

Answer 26

Acquire energy from sunlight and organic compounds (for carbon source)

Question 27

What are chemoheteroprophs?

Answer 27

Acquire energy from organic compounds for both the source of energy and a carbon source

Question 28

What are mesophiles?

Answer 28

Organisms that grow in moderate temperatures. 25-40c Most bacteria are mesophiles M for moderate

Question 29

What are thermophiles?

Answer 29

Organisms that love hot temperatures, 45c or higher

Question 30

What are psychrophiles/cryophiles?

Answer 30

Organisms that are cold loving. Can grow at 0c or lower, ideally grows at 15c

Question 31

What are psychotrops?

Answer 31

Organisms that grow slowly at 0c but have an optimal growth range of 25-30c

Question 32

Microorganisms with cell walls that can withstand some osmotic pressure are called what?

Answer 32

Osmotolerant

Question 33

Microbes that require high solute concentration in the environment for optimal growth are called what?

Answer 33

Osmophiles

Question 34

Microbes that love salty environments are called what?

Answer 34

Halophiles

Question 35

Microbes that can survive in increased hydrostatic pressures are called what?

Answer 35

Barotolerant

Question 36

Microbes that grow best under high hydrostatic pressure are called what?

Answer 36

Barophiles

Question 37

Obligate aerobes have what 2 traits?

Answer 37

Grow only in the presence of oxygen Obtain energy through aerobic respiration

Question 38

Obligate anaerobes have what 2 traits?

Answer 38

Grow only in the absence of oxygen Inhibited or killed by the presence of oxygen

Question 39

Aerotolerant anaerobes have what 2 traits?

Answer 39

Can grow in the presence of oxygen but cannot use oxygen for energy requirements. Fermentation time

Question 40

Facultative anaerobes have what trait?

Answer 40

Grow in the absence or presence of oxygen

Question 41

Microaerophiles have what trait?

Answer 41

Require a low concentration of oxygen

Question 42

Capneic bacteria have what trait?

Answer 42

Require more carbon dioxide than present in regular atmosphere

Question 43

What pH do neutrophils like?

Answer 43

5-8

Question 44

What pH do acidophiles like?

Answer 44

Below 5.5

Question 45

What pH do alkaliphiles like?

Answer 45

pH above 8.5