Weimar: key terms and specific information

Question 1

siegfriede

Answer 1

what many, particularly those in the German high command were seeking - the annexing of countries and the growth of the second Reich

• supported by most parties except the SPD and much of the middle and upper classes

Question 2

peace without victory

Answer 2

after the disasters of the Somme and Verdun many wanted a peaceful end to the war as Germany was fighting a purely defensive war

• view mostly held by the SPD

Question 3

how many died from starvation and hypothermia in 1918

Answer 3

293 000

Question 4

rise in the death rate of children between 1-5 in WW1

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

what percentage of all trade was estimated to be organised illegally on the black market

Answer 5

35%

Question 6

how much did real wages fall by as a result of inflation in WW1

Answer 6

20-30%

Question 7

what was the total cost of the war to Germany

Answer 7

$38 billion

Question 8

what did industrial output fall by between 1914-18

Answer 8

over 40%

Question 9

what was the daily bread ration during the war

two dates

Answer 9

1915 -225g per person per day
1917 - 160g

Question 10

how many died in the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918

Answer 10

20-40 million across Europe

Question 11

during the war what had the percentage of women in the workforce risen to

Answer 11

37%

Question 12

‘spirit of 1914’

Answer 12

the optimistic and national view of the war at the start

Question 13

who was Prince Max

Answer 13

a moderate conservative asked by the Kaiser to form a government from thre Reichstag and not appointed by the Kaiser

Question 14

what was the turnout at the first Weimar election

Answer 14

85%

Question 15

what percentage of the vote in the first Weimar election were for parties supporting parliamentary democracy

Answer 15

76%

Question 16

which three parties formed a coalition after the 1919 election

Answer 16

zentrum, SPD and DDP

Question 17

what did the treaty of versailles limit the army to

Answer 17

100 000

Question 18

how many political assainations were there between 1919-22

Answer 18

376

22 by the left
354 by the right

Question 19

what were reperations set at in 1921

Answer 19

£6.6 billion

Question 20

passive resistance

Answer 20

civil disobedience, the refusal to obey the demands or commands of a government or occupying power, without resorting to violence or active measures of opposition; its usual purpose is to force concessions from the government or occupying power

Question 21

hyperinflation

Answer 21

In economics, hyperinflation is a very high and typically accelerating inflation. It quickly erodes the real value of the local currency, as the prices of all goods increase.

Question 22

how many were killed in fights between the SA and the Red Fighting League

Answer 22

50 killed and many more injured

Question 23

how many governments were there between 1924-9

Answer 23

6, each a short lived coalition that did not have a secure Reichstag majority

Question 24

what did SPD government ministers do in November 1928

Answer 24

they voted with their party and against their own government on the funding of a new battleship - perhaps showing parliamentary government was a charade

Question 25

how many deputies did narrow sectional parties gain at their peak of 1930

Answer 25

78 deputies

Question 26

what is one example of a particularly niche sectional party in this period

Answer 26

the Reich Party for People's Rights and Revaluation - compensation for the losers from hyperinflation

Question 27

key political parties in Weimar | 7 parties

Answer 27

- NSDAP - nazis - KPD - communists - DDP - German Democratic Party (liberal) - DVP - German People's Party (conservative) - DNVP - German National People's Party (conservative) - SPD - Zentrum

Question 28

What was Stressemann's foreing policy

Answer 28

stabilising the international situation and readjusting eastern borders

Question 30

how many million marks did America lend Germany in the Dawes plan

Answer 30

800 million

Question 31

how many marks were recieved in foreing investment

Answer 31

25.5 billion

Question 32

when did production levels exceed those of 1913

Answer 32

by 1928

Question 33

how much did exports rise by in this period

Answer 33

40%

Question 34

which chemical giant became Europe's largest exporter

Answer 34

IG Farben

Question 35

how much higher was national income in 1928 than it was in 1913

Answer 35

12%

Question 36

how many workers were covered by unemployment insurance in 1927

Answer 36

17 million

Question 36

what did unemployment reach in 1929

Answer 36

3 million or 14.5% of the workforce

Question 37

by 1920, capita income in agriculture was what percentage below average

Answer 37

44%

Question 38

how much did the German economy grow by and how much did the US economy grow by

Answer 38

Germany - 4% USA - 70%

Question 39

what does Doppelverdiener mean

Answer 39

'second wage earner' a term of abuse aimed at married women who went out to work

Question 42

what is the Avant Garde movement

Answer 42

individuals or works that are experimental, innovative and often challenging to established norms - epitomy of Weimar culture

Question 43

as evidence suggests, how many voters and party members were working class and what percentage of the SA were working class

Answer 43

party members - 40% SA -60%

Question 44

how many were unemployed in 1929 compared to 1932

Answer 44

1929 - 1.8 million 1932 - 5.6 million

Question 45

how many businesses were bankrupted by the great depression

Answer 45

50 000

Question 46

what proportion of workers were unemployed by 1933

Answer 46

1 in 3

Question 47

what was the decrease in production levels from 1928-1933

Answer 47

1928 -100 units 1932 - 58 units

Question 48

who led the government from 1928-30

Answer 48

Muller with a majority of support in the Reichstag

Question 49

what happened to Muller in 1930

Answer 49

Hindenburg dismissed him and he was succeeded by a series of chancellors who had little Reichstag support and depended on Hindenburg to rule by decree

Question 50

how did the September 1930 elections change German politics

Answer 50

the Nazi's became the second largest party and the zentrum had a minority government with the SPD as the largest party

Question 51

how many emergency decrees were ratified by the president between 1930-32

Answer 51

109

Question 52

what was Hitler's nickname for Hindenburg

Answer 52

'that old fool'

Question 53

what was Hindenburg's nickname for Hitler

Answer 53

'that Austrian corporal'

Question 54

what was the size of the SA by 1931

Answer 54

100 000

Question 55

decrease in Nazi's seats from the July to November 1932 elections

Answer 55

34

Question 56

how many seats did the communists have after the November 1932 election

Answer 56

100 - third biggest party

Question 57

what was Gleichschaltung

Answer 57

* Degeneration of Weimar's democracy * Nazifying of German society * Partly directed by the SA - a 'revolution from below' * Also directed from the political centre in Berlin - 'revolution from above' * By the end of 1933 - succesful in many areas of public life but minimal impression on the churches, army and big business - Led to internal party conflict

Question 58

what is the turnout in the march 1933 elections

Answer 58

88.8% - the highest ever

Question 59

how many votes does the enabling law pass by

Answer 59

441 to 94

Question 60

which party is the only one to vote against the enabling law

Answer 60

the SPD

Question 61

which city was the heart of Weimar culture

Answer 61

Berlin - with American money bringing in consumer culture

Question 62

what can be seen as Bruning's one success

Answer 62

his negotiating the end of reperations in 1931 - ended in 1932 under Papen

Question 63

how many members did the Sparticist have by the end of 1918 and were their members particularly revolutionary

Answer 63

they barely had 1000 members and many of them wanted some form of democracy rather than a communist dictatorship

Question 64

how many members did the Fatherland Party have by 1918

Answer 64

1.2 million

Question 65

what was the result of the vote to confirm the Weimar constitution

Answer 65

accepted by 262 votes to 75

Question 66

who were the Freikorps

Answer 66

they were volunteer military untis and were mostly recruited from demobilised soldiers and officers in the first year of the Weimar Republic. they had right wing, nationalist sympathies and were largely paid for by supporters of the old empire

Question 67

in 1919, what was the currency worth compared to its pre-war value

Answer 67

less than 20%

Question 68

what happened to the price of basic foodstuffs and consumer goods during the war

Answer 68

the price more than trippled

Question 69

what word was used by Germans to describe the Treaty of Versailles that they felt they had been unwillingly forced to sign

Answer 69

Diktat

Question 70

what was the stab in the back mythology

Answer 70

encouraged by the right wing opposition to the newly formed republic who said that the revolutionary activities in Germany had lost them the war and that those who were furthering this humiliation e.g. with the Treaty of Versailles, were furthering this stab in the back

Question 71

what was the policy of fulfillment in relation to the reparations bill

Answer 71

complying with the reparations bill in order to promote positive relations with Europe and reintegration

Question 72

what is passive resistance

Answer 72

non-violent opposition to authority, especially the refusal the to comply with legal requirements

Question 73

by the end of 1923, how many French and Belgian troops were in the Ruhr area

Answer 73

100 000 - demanding free food and acting brutally towards the inhabitants of the region

Question 74

how often were workers being paid during hyperinflation

Answer 74

once and even twice daily as prices rose by the hour

Question 77

what form of currency became common during hyperinflation

Answer 77

barter currency