Word classes

Question 1

Nouns

Answer 1

1. plural
2. after determiners
3. can be described by adjectives
4. person, place, thing, feeling
5. common suffixes -tion, -er, -ism, -ment, -dom, -ance etc.

Question 2

Verbs (lexical/main)

Answer 2

1. tense
2. must be one in each clause
3. action, feeling, state
4. what is happening in the sentence? What is subject doing?

CHECK: not all lexical verbs change tense

Question 3

Adjectives

Answer 3

1. describe nouns
2. common endings -ic, -al, -able, -ful, - y, -ive
3. can come before OR after the noun
   -[det], [adj] [noun]
   -[noun] is [adj]
4. comparative (er) & superlative (est)

Question 4

Adverbs

Answer 4

1. time, manner, place, frequency, degree (when, where, how, how much, how often)
2. some end -ly
3. when in doubt = adverb
4. ‘not’ = adverb
5. Describe adv, adj, v

Question 5

Interjections

Answer 5

have emotional meaning that stands outside of the sentence.

e.g: oi, wow, oh, ow, shh
non e.g: umm - this is voiced hesitation

Question 6

Which word class can be made plural?

Answer 6

noun

Question 7

Which word class can change to show tense?

Answer 7

verb

Question 8

Which word class describes nouns?

Answer 8

adjective

Question 9

Which word class is used to show how much?

Answer 9

adverb

Question 10

These are common endings for which word class? -tion, -cian, -sion, -ment, -ance

Answer 10

noun

Question 11

What are the open class words?

Answer 11

noun, verb, adjective, adverb, interjection

Question 12

What other name is used for open class words?

Answer 12

content words

Question 13

Why are they known as open class words?

Answer 13

because they can add new members

Question 14

List all 11 word classes.

Answer 14

noun, lexical verb, adjective, adverb, interjection, pronoun, preposition, determiner, conjunction, auxiliary verb, modal verb

Question 15

What are the closed class words?

Answer 15

determiner, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, auxiliary verb, modal verb

Question 16

What other name is used for closed class words?

Answer 16

function words

Question 17

Why are they known as closed class words?

Answer 17

they can’t readily or easily accept new members

Question 18

Why are they known as content words?

Answer 18

they provide ‘real-world’ meaning

Question 19

Why are they known as function words?

Answer 19

they provide grammatical meaning

Question 20

What are the golden rules for finding word classes?

Answer 20

1. no 100% of the time rules
2. always look in context
3. apply multiple tests

Question 21

Determiners

Answer 21

1. Types:
   -Articles→definite (the) & indefinite (a, an)
   -Numbers→one, two
   -Demonstrative→this, that
   -Possessive→her, his
   -Quantity→many, some
2. come before nouns
3. qualify / provide grammatical info on noun
4. can have more than one in a row
5. Noun + apostrophe of possession = determiner

Question 22

Pronouns

Answer 22

1. Types:
   -Personal→subject (I, we) & object (me, us)
   -Possessive→mine, ours, yours, his
   -Reflexive→myself, ourselves
   -Demonstrative→’point’ to relationship b/w speaker and thing e.g this, that, these, those
   -Relative→who, whom, which, that (e.g The girl, who was late, needed to sign in)
   -Interrogatives→used to ask ?s (e.g who, what, whom, whose, which)
   -Indefinite→something, everything, anything, everyone
2. replace a noun (t/f X be followed by noun)
3. can sometimes draw an arrow to the noun it replaces

Question 23

Prepositions

Answer 23

1. Show relationship between nouns
2. Often come before a noun + noun phrases
3. Sometimes come after a verb
4. ‘box text’
5. when a simile, ‘like’ and ‘as’ are prep.
6. ‘for’ is prep when it’s not a co-ord conjunction
7. ‘of’ ‘at’ & ‘with’ = always prep.

Question 24

Common prepositions

Answer 24

on, in, under, above, through, below, to, of, with, at, for

Question 25

Conjunctions

Answer 25

join words, phrases, clauses

Question 26

What are the two types of conjunctions?

Answer 26

1. co-ordinating 2. subordinating

Question 27

What are the co-ordinating conjunctions?

Answer 27

For And Nor But Or Yet So

Question 28

Common subordinating conjunctions

Answer 28

however, if, because, while, although, as

Question 29

Auxiliary verbs

Answer 29

1. helping verbs (must be another verb in the clause) 2. to be / to have / to do

Question 30

Modal verbs

Answer 30

1. helping verbs (must be another verb in the clause) 2. may, might, must, can, could, will, would, shall, should

Question 31

Forms of 'to be'

Answer 31

is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, to be

Question 32

THE is always a ____

Answer 32

determiner

Question 33

IS is always a ____

Answer 33

verb

Question 34

Relative pronouns

Answer 34

1. relate back to the directly preceding noun 2. introduce a clause 3. who, whom, whose, that, which

Question 35

What is the difference between a determiner and a pronoun?

Answer 35

A determiner comes BEFORE a noun A pronoun REPLACES a noun

Question 36

What is the difference between an adjective and a determiner?

Answer 36

An adjective describes some QUALITY of the noun (i.e. size, shape, colour) A determiner provides grammatical information about the noun (i.e. number)

Question 37

What is the most common determiner that you can always rely on?

Answer 37

the

Question 38

What 'test' can you always use when in doubt?

Answer 38

substitution

Question 39

What is the difference between a preposition and an adverb?

Answer 39

A preposition is usually linked to the noun and shows the relationship An adverb shows time, manner, place, frequency, degree

Question 40

Adverbs can describe verbs and which other word classes?

Answer 40

verbs, adjectives, adverbs