Wort Separation/Boiling

Question 1

Darcy’s Law

Answer 1

Rate of Liquid Flow = Pressure x Bed Permeability x Filter Area

Bed Depth x Wort Viscosity

Question 2

Answer 2

Mash Tun

Question 3

Answer 3

Lauter Tun

Question 4

3 Advantages of a Mash Filter

Answer 4

1. You don’t need the husk of the grain
2. You can use a hammer mill for the milling of the grain
3. Filter plates are ~2-3” apart giving a large surface area with a small bed depth which favors Darcy’s Law

Question 5

Extract Efficiency Equation

Answer 5

% yield = 100 x extract in the kettle collected from the wort

extract available in the raw materials

% yield should >90% for efficient brewery

Question 6

Brewhouse Cycle Time

Answer 6

• Time taken from the start of mashing Batch A to the time the mashing of Batch B can commence
• Determines how many maximum number of brews are achievable in 24 hours

Question 7

6 Advantages of High Gravity Brewing

Answer 7

1. Increased brewing capacity
2. Reduced energy, labor, and cleaning costs
3. Improved beer colloidal and flavor stability due to lower freezing point
4. More alcohol per unit of fermentable extract
5. Lower cost due to greater use of cheaper adjuncts
6. Increased flexibility when brewing one mother wort and dividing it into several different final products

Question 8

8 Disadvantages of High Gravity Brewing

Answer 8

1. Decreased brewhouse material efficiency
2. Decreased yeast health
3. Increased fermentation time
4. Increased diacetyl levels
5. Increase in esters and fusel alcohols
6. Increased sulfur and acetaldehyde
7. Reduced hop utilization
8. Reduced foam stability

Question 9

How to decribe the boil required in the kettle

Answer 9

Vigorous rolling boil!

Question 10

5 factors to monitor during the boil

Answer 10

1. Time
2. Evaporation
3. Energy usage
4. Hop utilization
5. pH fall

Question 11

Isomerization and solubility of hops are greater at a higher or lower pH

Answer 11

Higher

Question 12

High gravity wort results in a higher or lower hop utilization

Answer 12

Lower

Question 13

Isomerization of hops is more effective at higher or lower boil temperatures

Answer 13

Higher

Question 14

Additions of hops at the start of the boil will have higher or lower hop utilizations than those added later in the boil

Answer 14

Higher

Question 15

What kind of boiling is shown here?

What does EWB stand for?

Answer 15

Calandria Boiling

External Wort Boiler

Question 16

What are 3 optional additions that can be made to the kettle?

Answer 16

1. Antifoam
2. Clarification agents - Irish Moss
3. Sugar and Syrup Adjuncts

Question 17

What comes out in the hot break?

Answer 17

• Proteins
• Polyphenols
• Lipids
• Hop Residues

Question 18

What comes out in the cold break?

Answer 18

• Proteins
• Polyphenols
• Carbohydrates
• Finer Particles

Question 19

4 reasons to remove the hot break

Answer 19

1. Downstream filtration problems
2. Clarity problems in the beer
3. Removal of astringent polyphenols
4. Removal of lipids which are foam negative, reduce flavor stability

Question 20

6 Factors affecting break formation and behavior

Answer 20

1. Extract concentration (the higher the extract, the higher the hot break)
2. pH
3. Modification of the malt
4. Amount of hop material added (more hops, more break)
5. The vigor of the boil
6. Use of kettle finings

Question 21

Answer 21

Whirlpool

Question 22

What is typical residence time of the whirlpool?

Answer 22

10 minutes

Can vary but should be consistent among brews

Question 23

7 goal of wort cooling

Answer 23

1. Achieve the correct temperature for the start of fermentation
2. No contamination
3. Meet the required timescale
4. Recover heat
5. Precipiate cold break
6. Minimize wort losses
7. Minimize energy use

Question 24

4 factors affecting oxygen dissolution

Answer 24

1. Temperature
2. Pressure (> pressure, > dissolution)
3. Surface Area (>SA, > dissolution)
4. Turbulence (>turbulence, > dissolution)

Question 25

What is the level of oxygenation (mg/L) when using air injection?

Answer 25

8-10 mg/L

Question 26

What is the level of oxygenation (mg/L) when using oxygen injection?

Answer 26

45 mg/L

Question 27

Will air or oxygen injection result in foaming issues in the wort?

Answer 27

Air injection will have foaming issues due to the nitrogen present that is difficult to dissolve and will result in thicker top foams

Question 28

Which wort will have greater levels of DMS? 1. A wort with a rolling boil 2. A wort with a simmering boil

Answer 28

2. A wort with a simmering boil The DMS will leave the wort in the steam when there is a rolling boil which is desired

Question 29

Does half life of SMM increase or decrease with boil temperature?

Answer 29

Half life decreases as temperature increases This is why the boil temperature is very important