Name the Functionalists of Youth
Parsons
Eisenstadt
Albert Cohen
Name the Marxists of Youth
Brake
Phil Cohen
Hall and Jefferson
Name the Feminists of Youth
McRobbie
Archer
Osgerby
Name the Interactionists of Youth
Stan Cohen
Fawbert
Jock Young
Name the Postmodernists of Youth
Luke and Luke
Maffesoli
Explain the Functionalist Parson’s theory
- Youth culture is functional as it acts like a bridge between childhood and adulthood
- Youth culture helps to prevent anomie, it provides a sense of belonging
Explain the Functionalist Eisenstadt’s theory
- Youth culture is functional as peer groups help each other through the stresses
- Moving from ascribed to achieved status
Explain the Functionalist Albert Cohen’s theory
- Status frustration
- W/C boys can’t achieve status through education/material wealth so they join delinquent subcultures and gain status through deviant acts
Give an evaluation of Parsons theory
He ignores NEETs
Give an evaluation of Eisenstadt’s theory
Ignores the issues that can’t be fixed by peer groups - NEETs
Give an evaluation of Albert Cohen’s theory
Helps the understanding of crime and deviance
Explain the Marxist Phil Cohen’s theory
- The skin heads resisted against the decline in W/C communities
- They did this through the clothes they wore - boots, jeans, braces
Explain the Marxists Hall and Jefferson’s theory
- The teddy boys resisted against class divisions by blurring the lines between M/C and W/C
- They did this through dressing M/C despite being from W/C backgrounds, wearing smart suits etc
Explain the Marxist Brake’s theory
- W/C saw youth subcultures as an escape from their dull lives/futures
- Gave them a sense of belonging and excitement
Give an evaluation of Phil Cohen’s theory
Ignores women in youth cultures
Give an evaluation of Hall and Jefferson’s theory
Ignores women in youth cultures
Give an evaluation of Brake’s theory
Ignores M/C youth culture
Explain the Feminists McRobbie and Garber’s theory
- Bedroom culture
- Stricter parental control meant girls weren’t allowed out to certain places/after certain times
- This meant they spent more time socialising in bedrooms
Explain the Feminist Archer’s theory
- Girls in gangs felt empowered
- Defence mechanism against being seen as weak/overly sexualised
Explain the Feminist Osgerby’s theory
- No more chivalrous behaviour
- Lad culture - degrading women, puts them off joining youth subcultures
Give an evaluation of McRobbie and Garber’s theory
Ignores social media use
Give an evaluation of Archer’s theory
She only used secondary research
Explain the Interactionist Jock Young’s theory
Labelling theory - hippies being labelled as drug users by the police/public became a self-fulfilling prophecy as it became a central part of their culture
Explain the Interactionist Stan Cohen’s theory
Moral panic - media exaggerating Mods and Rockers made it a bigger deal than it was, lead public to panic
