Microbiology > Zoonotic bacteria and pleomorphic > Flashcards

Zoonotic bacteria and pleomorphic Flashcards

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1
Q

Zoonosis?

A

infectious disease transmitted between animals and humans

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2
Q

Anaplasma - disease / transmission and source

A
  • Anaplasmosis

- ixode ticks (live on deer and mice)

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3
Q

ixode tick is the vector of

A
  1. Borrelia burdorferi
  2. Anaplasma
  3. protozoa Babesia
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4
Q

Borrelia burdorferi - disease / transmission and source

A 
Lyme disease 
ixode ticks (live on deer and mice)
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5
Q

Bartonella - disease

A
  1. cat scratch disease

2. bacillary angiomatosis

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6
Q

bacillary angiomatosis?

A

Benign capillary skin papules found in AIDS patients caused by Bartonella henselae infections

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7
Q

bacillary angiomatosis vs kaposi sarcoma according to histology

A

Bacillary angiomatosis –> neutrophilic infiltrate

Kaposi sarcoma –> lymphocytic infiltrate

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8
Q

Bartonella diseases are caused by

A

cat scratch

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9
Q

cat scratch disease?

A

cutaneous lesion at the site of cat scratch/bute with regional lymphadenopathy with fever and malaise

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10
Q

cat scratch disease - biopsy

A

granoulomas

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11
Q

Campylobacter jejuni - disease

A
  1. Major cause of bloody diarrhea (esp in children)
  2. Guillain - Barre
  3. Reactive arthritis `
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12
Q

Campylobacter jejuni - transmission

A
  1. Fecal-oral transmission through person-person
  2. ingestion of poultry, meat (undercooked), unpasteurized milk
  3. contact with infected animals (dogs, cats, pigs)
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13
Q

Clamydophila psittaci - disease / transmission and source

A

Psittacosis

aerosol (Parrots and other birds)

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14
Q

Coxiella burnetti - disease / transmission and source

A

Q fever

aerosol of cattle/sheep amniotic fluid

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15
Q

Ehrlichia caffeensis - disease / transmission and source

A

Ehrlichiosis

Ambylomma (Lone star tick) - white tailed deer

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16
Q

Franciella tularencis - disease / transmission and source

A

Tularemia
ticks
rabbits, deer fly (handling of infected animals, aerosolization)

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17
Q

Tularemia - forms (and proportions)

A
  1. Ulcerroglandular form (80%)

2. typhoidal form (10-15%) (pneumonia and bacteremia)

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18
Q

Leptospira - transmission and source

A

Animal urine

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19
Q

Mycobacterium leprae - disease / transmission and source

A

Leprosy (Hansen disease)
Humans with lepromatous leprosy
armadillo (rare)

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20
Q

Pasteruella multocida - disease / transmission and source

A
  1. Cellulitis
  2. Osteomyelitis
    animal bite, cat, dog
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21
Q

Yesrinia pestis - disease / source and transmission (and resevoirs)

A

PLAQUE

  1. fleas (rats and prairie are dogs reservoirs)
  2. contact with infected animals
  3. aerosol
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22
Q

Yesrinia pestis reservoirs

A

rats and prairie are dogs

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23
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki - disease / transmission

A

Epidemic typhus

hyman to human via human body louse

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24
Q

Rickettsia rickettsi - disease / transmission and source

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Dermacentor (dog tick)

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25
Rickettsia typhi - disease / transmission
Endemic typhus | rodent fleas
26
pleomorphic bacteria
1. Gardnerella vaginalis 2. Ricketsia 3. Chlamydiae
27
Gardnerella vaginalis - disease
bacterial vaginosis
28
Gardnerella vaginalis - characteristics / gram
pleomorphic, gram variable rob
29
Gardnerella vaginalis - presents as
- a gray vaginal discharge with a fishi smell | - non painful
30
Gardnerella vaginalis - sex
is associated with sexual activity but it is not an STD
31
Gardnerella vaginalis - smell
fishy
32
Gardnerella vaginalis - treatment
metronidazole or clindamycin
33
Gardnerella vaginalis is also characterized by ... (in vagina)
overgrowth of certain anaerobic bacteria in vagina
34
Gardnerella vaginalis - diagnosis
1. Amine whiff test | 2. Clue cell on saline smear (under the microscope)
35
Amine whiff test?
mixing discharge with 10% kOH enhances fishy odor (bacterial vaginosis - Gardnerella vaginalis)
36
Clue cell?
vaginal epithelial cells covered with Gardonella bacteria (stippled appearance along outer margins) - visible under the microscope
37
Clue cell are visible under the
microscope
38
Gardnerella vaginalis - treatment
metronidazole or clindamycin
39
Gardnerella vaginalis - type of inflammation
no inflammation
40
vector-borne illness - rash common and rash rare diseases
Rash rare: 1. Ehrlichiosis 2. Anaplasmosis 3. Q fever | Rash common: 1. Rocky Mountain spotted fever 2. Typhus
41
vector-borne illness - rash common diseases
1. Rocky Mountain spotted fever | 2. Typhus
42
causes of Rocky Mountain spotted fever / transmission and source
Rickettssia rickettsii | Dermacentor (dog tick)
43
Rickettssia rickettsii - area (map)
despite its name --> occurs primarily in: | SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES (NORTH CAROLINA)
44
Rocky Mountain spotted fever - symptoms
classic triad: 1. headache 2. fever 3. rash (vasculitis)
45
Rocky Mountain spotted fever - rash
typically starts at wrists and ankles and then spreads to trunk, palms and soles
46
Rocky Mountain spotted fever - treatment
all vector-borne illness - rash common and rash rare diseases --> doxycycline
47
palms and soles rash - DDx (diseases and causes)
1. Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettssia rickettsii) 2. 2ry Syphilis (treponema pallidum) 3. hand, foot and mouth disease (Coxsaxkievirus A)
48
Typhus is caused by
Rickettssia typhi --> Endemic typhus | Rickettssia prowazekii --> epidemic typhis
49
Rickettssia typhi - transmission and source
rodent fleas
50
Rickettssia prowazekii - transmission and source
human body louse
51
typhus - symptoms
classic triad: 1. headache 2. fever 3. rash (vasculitis)
52
typhus - rash
starts centrally and spreads out, SPARING palms and soles
53
Ricketsial disease - symptoms
classic triad: 1. headache 2. fever 3. rash (vasculitis)
54
Typhus treatment
all vector-borne illness - rash common and rash rare diseases --> doxycycline
55
Rocky Mountain spotted fever vs typus according to rash
Rocky Mountain spotted fever --> typically starts at wrists and ankles and then spreads to trunk, palms and soles Typhus --> starts centrally and spreads out, sparing palms and soles
56
vector-borne illness - rash rare diseases / caused by
1. Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia chaffensis) 2. Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma) 3. Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)
57
Ehrlichia chaffensis - transmission and source
Ambylomma (Lone star tick) - white tailed deer
58
Ehrlichia chaffensis - histology
monocytes with morulae (berry-like inclussion) in cytoplasm
59
anaplasmosis - source and transmission
ixode ticks (live on deer and mice)
60
anaplasma - histology
granulocytes with morulae in cytoplasm
61
anaplasma vs Ehrlichia chaffensis according to cells
Mnemonic EMAN: Ehrlichia --> Monocytes Anaplsma --> granulocytosis
62
Q fever vs all other vector-borne illness - rash common and rash rare diseases
Q fever --> NO ARTHROPOD VECTOR/SPORE FORMING
63
Q fever is caused by / manifestations
Coxiella burnetii 1. pneumonia 2. MCC of culture negative endocarditis
64
Coxiella burnetii - Rickettsial family
Coxiella burnetii is not in the Rickettsia genus, but closely related
65
Q fever - rash?
rare
66
Q fever - mechanism of transmission
Spores inhaled as aerosols from cattle/sheep amnitoic fluid
67
MCC of culture negative endocarditis
Q fever
68
culture negative infective endocarditis
1. Coxiella burnetti 2. Bartonella 3. HACEK 4. prior treatment with antibiotics
69
Clamydiae - ATP
cannot make their own ATP. They are obligate
70
Clamydiae - intracellular organisms that causes .... infections
MUCOSAL
71
Clamydiae - how many forms (and which)
2 forms: 1. elementary body 2. Reticulate body
72
Clamydiae - forms and mechanism
Elementary body is infectious and enters cell via endocytosis, transforms into reticulate body. Reticulate body replicates in cell by fission and reorganizes into elementary body
73
Clamydiae - chlamys means
cloak (intracellular)
74
Clamydiae - bags
1. Chamydia trachomatis 2. Chlamydia pneumonia 3. Chlamydia psittaci
75
Chlamydia psittaci reservoir / presentation / transmitted by
- avian reservoir (parrots) - atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosol
76
Chlamydia pneumonia causes / transmitted by
- atypical pneumonia | - transmitted by aerosol
77
Chamydia trachomatis trachomatis causes (generally)
1. reactive arthritis (Reiter) 2. follicular conjuctivitis 3. nongonococcal urethritis 4. PID
78
Chlamydia - treatment
azythromycin (favored because in time treatment) or doxycline
79
Gram stain limitations - Chlamydia - mechanism
1. intracellular parasite | 2. lacks classic peptidoglycan because of low muramic acid
80
Chlamydia - lacks classic peptidoglycan because of low muramic acid -->
1. Gram stain limitations | 2. β - lactam antibiotics less effective
81
Chlamydia - β - lactam antibiotics
less effective due to lack of classic peptidoglycan because of low muramic acid
82
Chlamydia - lab diagnosis
cytoplasmic infusions seen on Giemsa or fluorescent antibody - stain classic
83
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes
1. types A,B and C 2. types D-K 3. Types L1, L2 and L3
84
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A,B and C CAUSES
trachoma, a chronic infection due to follicular conjuctivitis in Africa --> blindness
85
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A,B and C - map
Africa
86
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A,B and C - MNEMONIC
ABC Africa Blindness Chronic infection
87
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K causes
1. Urethritis/PID 2. ectopic pregnancy 3. neonatal pneumonia (staccato cough) with eosinophilia 4. neonatal conjunctivitis
88
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K - transmission
1. STD | 2. passage through infected birth canal
89
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3 causes
Lymphogranuloma venereum
90
Lymphogranuloma venereum - caused by/definition
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3 | small, painless ulcers on genitalis--> swollen painful inguinal lymph nobes thet ulcerates (buboes)
91
Lymphogranuloma venereum - treatment
doxycycline
92
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - causes
classic cause of atypical walking pneumonia | insidius onset, headache, nonproductive cough, patchy or diffuse interistial infiltrates
93
atypical walking pneumonia - causes/findings/symptoms
Mycoplasma pneumoniae | insidius onset, headache, nonproductive cough, patchy or diffuse interistial infiltrates
94
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - appearance
pleomorphic, no cell wall
95
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - gram
Not seen because no cell wall
96
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - structure
pleomorphic, no cell wall | bacterial membrane contains STEROLS for stability
97
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - bacterial membrane contains ..... for stability
STEROLS
98
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is more common in patients (age)
under thirty
99
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - frequent oubreaks in
military recruits and prisons
100
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - treatment
macrolides, doxycycline, or fluoroquinolone
101
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - penicillin
ineffective since no cell wall
102
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - labs
1. x-ray: patchy or diffuse interistial infiltrates (looks worse than the patient) 2. high titer of colod agglutinins (IgM), which agglutinate or lyse RBCs 3. grown on EATON agar
103
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - IGM
high titer of colod agglutinins (IgM), which agglutinate or lyse RBCs
104
Mycoplasma pneumoniae grown on
EATON agar
105
Q fever - treatment
all vector-borne illness - rash common and rash rare diseases --> doxycycline
106
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - labs
1. x-ray: patchy or diffuse interistial infiltrates (looks worse than the patient) 2. high titer of colod agglutinins (IgM), which agglutinate or lyse RBCs 3. grown on EATON agar
107
Brucella causes (and transmission)
Brucellosis/undulant fever | Unpasteurized milk
108
Rickettsia - transmission and source (and result)
1. R. prowazekii --> human to human body human body louse --> epidemic typhous 2. R. typhi --> Rodent Fleas --> endemic typhus 3. R. rickettsii --> Dermacentor (dog tick) --> Rocky mountain spotted fever
Microbiology
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