08 - genetics

Question 1

genetics is

Answer 1

the study of heredity

Question 2

genes being passed down are determined by

Answer 2

meiosis

Question 3

what is used to determine potential offspring of two parents?

Answer 3

punnett squares

Question 4

genotypic ratio of a Aa x Aa parental cross

Answer 4

1:2:1

Question 5

phenotypic ratio of a Aa x Aa parental cross

Answer 5

3:1

Question 6

how can you determine the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross?

Answer 6

punnett square

Question 7

there is _ in every natural dataset

Answer 7

variation

Question 8

statistical analysis is used to determine

Answer 8

whether differences found between two datasets are the result of natural variation (Ho) or if they are due to some outside factor (Ha)

mathematical way to determine whether we should accept the null or alternate hypothesis

Question 9

statistical tests give you a

Answer 9

numerical measure of the difference between data sets

Question 10

differences between datasets could be due to

Answer 10

random variation (Ho) or an outside variable (Ha)

Question 11

critical value also means

Answer 11

a-value

Question 12

if difference < critical value, then

Answer 12

accept your null hypothesis (statistically there is no difference)

Question 13

if difference > critical value, then

Answer 13

accept your alternate hypothesis (statistically there is a difference)

Question 14

chi squared test is used to

Answer 14

compare two ratios

Question 15

X^2 (chi-squared) =

Answer 15

sum of ((observed value - expected value)^2) / expected value

Question 16

degrees of freedom =

Answer 16

df = n - 1
n: number of possible outcomes

Question 17

confidence level in scientific research

Answer 17

95%

Question 18

how to determine possible gametes created by each parent when considering two genes

Answer 18

dihybrid cross

Question 19

autosomal dominant

Answer 19

affliction/trait is a dominant allele

Question 20

autosomal recessive

Answer 20

affliction/trait is a recessive allele

Question 21

x-linked recessive

Answer 21

affliction/trait is a recessive allele and on the x chromosome

Question 22

pedigree

Answer 22

A diagram of family history that uses standardized symbols

Question 23

karyotype

Answer 23

the complete set of chromosomes in an organism, or a laboratory-produced image of this set that is arranged in order by size, number, and shape

Question 24

blood typing is an example of

Answer 24

codominance

Question 25

three possible alleles of blood typing

Answer 25

IA, IB, i

Question 26

antibodies in A blood type

Answer 26

Anti-B

Question 27

antibodies in B blood type

Answer 27

Anti-A

Question 28

antibodies in AB blood type

Answer 28

none

Question 29

antibodies in O blood type

Answer 29

Anti-A and Anti-B

Question 30

antigens in A blood type

Answer 30

A antigen

Question 31

antigens in B blood type

Answer 31

B antigen

Question 32

antigens in AB blood type

Answer 32

A and B antigens

Question 33

antigens in O blood type

Answer 33

none

Question 34

how are affected people shown in a pedigree

Answer 34

dark shaded

Question 35

how are males and females shown in a pedigree

Answer 35

males are squares females are circles

Question 36

Rh + means

Answer 36

has antigen no antibodies

Question 37

universal donor

Answer 37

O-

Question 38

universal acceptor

Answer 38

AB+

Question 39

what blood type can O- accept?

Answer 39

only O-

Question 40

Rh - means

Answer 40

no antigen has antibodies