Dispatching part 121 > 102 > Flashcards

102 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does METAR stand for?

A

Meteorological Aviation Routine report

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2
Q

How often is METAR reported in the U.S.?

A

Hourly (SPECIs as needed)

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3
Q

What does ‘KABC’ indicate in a METAR?

A

ICAO airport ID; ‘K’ = within CONUS

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4
Q

What does ‘051554Z’ signify?

A

5th day, 1554 Zulu (UTC), observation time

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5
Q

What does ‘23017G23KT’ describe?

A

230° true at 17 kt, gusts 23 kt (use sustained for headwind calcs)

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6
Q

What does ‘180V250’ mean?

A

Wind direction variable between 180° and 250° (≥60° spread)

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7
Q

What does ‘1/2SM’ mean, and is it controlling?

A

Prevailing visibility ½ statute mile; controlling if no RVR for runway in use

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8
Q

What does R19L/0800V1200FT indicate?

A

RVR for 19L variable 800–1200 ft; RVR is controlling for that runway

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9
Q

What does ‘+SHRA’ decode to?

A

Heavy rain showers

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10
Q

What is the ceiling indicated by ‘BKN001 OVC003’?

A

100 ft (lowest BKN/OVC layer is the ceiling)

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11
Q

Why do we care about ‘21/20’ in a METAR?

A

Temp 21°C / Dewpoint 20°C; 1°C spread → fog/frost risk

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12
Q

What does ‘A2985’ indicate?

A

Altimeter 29.85 inHg (useful for pressure altitude & takeoff weight planning)

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13
Q

In RMK, what does ‘A02’ signify?

A

Automated station with precipitation discriminator

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14
Q

What does ‘T02090203’ represent?

A

Temp +20.9°C; Dewpoint +20.3°C

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15
Q

What does ‘SLP114’ indicate?

A

Sea-level pressure 1011.4 mb

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16
Q

What does ‘P0013’ mean?

A

0.13 inches precipitation in the last hour

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17
Q

What do ‘RAB49’ and ‘$’ denote?

A

Rain began 49 minutes past the hour; ‘$’ maintenance required

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18
Q

What does ‘00000KT’ equal?

A

Winds calm

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19
Q

What does ‘VRB03KT’ mean?

A

Variable wind at 3 kt

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20
Q

What does ‘09012G18KT’ signify?

A

090° at 12 kt, gusting 18

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

What is the threshold for Fog vs Mist by visibility?

A

Fog when V < 5/8 SM; Mist when V ≥ 5/8 SM

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23
Q

What do the report modifiers AUTO vs COR mean?

A

AUTO = automated (no human); COR = corrected

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24
Q

What does ‘R13/3500FT’ mean?

A

Runway 13 RVR 3,500 ft

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25
What does 'R27L/M0600FT' indicate?
RVR less than 600 ft on 27L
26
What does 'R03/P6000FT' mean?
RVR greater than 6,000 ft on 03
27
When both prevailing visibility and RVR are reported, which controls?
RVR
28
What do SHRA / DS / SA / PO codes represent?
* Rain showers * Dust * Sand * Sand whirls
29
What do BLSN / +FC / BR / DRSN codes represent?
* Blowing snow * Well-developed funnel cloud/tornado/waterspout * Mist * Low drifting snow
30
What do FU / PY / -TSRA / HZ codes indicate?
* Smoke * Spray * TS with light rain * Haze
31
What do FZDZ / MIFG / VCSN / FZRA codes mean?
* Freezing drizzle * Shallow fog * Snow in the vicinity * Freezing rain
32
What does 'SCT005 BKN010 OVC055' decode to, and what is the ceiling?
Scattered 500 ft, Broken 1,000 ft, Overcast 5,500 ft; ceiling 1,000 ft
33
What does 'VV001' mean, and what is the ceiling?
Vertical visibility 100 ft; ceiling 100 ft
34
What is the difference between SKC and CLR?
SKC = Sky clear; CLR = Clear (on automated reports)
35
What do 'SCT010CB' and 'BKN008TCU' mean?
* Scattered cumulonimbus at 1,000 ft * Broken towering cumulus at 800 ft
36
What does '01/M03' indicate?
Temp +1°C / Dewpoint −3°C
37
What does '15/' signify?
Temp 15°C; dewpoint missing (Temps always Celsius)
38
What is the difference between 'A3001' and 'Q0989'?
* A3001 = 30.01 inHg * Q0989 = QNH 989 mb
39
What do A01 and A02 indicate?
* A01 = no precip discriminator * A02 = has one
40
What does 'SLP132' mean, and what is the '950–1050 rule'?
SLP 1013.2 mb; most SLP values fall between 950–1050 mb
41
What does 'LTGICCCCG NW MOV E' signify?
Lightning in-cloud, cloud-to-cloud, cloud-to-ground; located NW, moving E
42
What does 'RERAB27TSB27E45' mean?
Recent rain began :27; TS began :27 and ended :45
43
What does 'FG SCT000' in REMARKS mean?
Surface-based fog obscuration covering 3/8–4/8 (not cloud coverage)
44
What does 'T00341023' decode to?
Temp +3.4°C; Dewpoint −2.3°C
45
What is the difference between 'P0057' and 'P0000'?
* P0057 = 0.57” precip last hour * P0000 = trace (<0.01”)
46
What do equipment status tags RVRNO / SLPNO / TSNO / '$' signify?
* RVR unavailable * SLP unavailable * Lightning info unavailable * Maintenance required
47
What are the types of PIREPs?
* UA (routine) * UUA (urgent)
48
In the example decode, what are the key items in 'UA/..TA M12/IC LGT-MDT RIME 055-080/..RM WND COMP HEAD 020KT MH310 TAS 180'?
* OAT −12°C * Light-moderate rime icing 5,500–8,000 ft * 20-kt headwind component * Magnetic heading 310 * True airspeed 180 kt
49
What does TAF stand for, and what is the cadence in the U.S.?
Terminal Aerodrome Forecast; every 6 hours (amendments as needed)
50
What do AMD / COR / RTD / NIL mean?
* AMD = Amended * COR = Corrected * RTD = Routine (wx) time delayed * NIL = No forecast available
51
What is the difference between FM and BECMG in the main body of a TAF?
* FM = immediate change at the stated time * BECMG = gradual change during the time window
52
What are the specifics for TEMPO regarding duration and coverage?
Occurs in bursts <1 hour at a time, totaling < half the TEMPO period; TEMPO has a distinct end time
53
What is the difference between PROB40 and PROB30?
≥40% probability vs ≥30% probability
54
What does the legal ETA logic imply from examples with landing minimums?
Choose the earliest time when forecast meets/exceeds mins; assume worst during overlapping/time windows
55
What does FA stand for, and what is its coverage?
Area Forecast; covers six areas, issued three times daily, valid 18 hours
56
What are the parts of an FA and their valid times?
* Synopsis 18 h * Clouds/Wx 12 h * Outlook 6 h
57
What is implied when no visibility and no wind are given in an FA?
Implied vis >5 SM; wind speed <20 kt
58
What does 'OTLK.. IFR FG' imply in an FA?
Ceilings ≥1000’ or none; visibility <3 SM; winds <20 kt
59
What is the abbreviation for Convective SIGMET, and what is its outlook length?
WST; outlook covers 2 hours
60
What are the conditions for issuing a Convective SIGMET?
Severe TS, tornadoes, embedded TS, a line of TS, or widespread (min) WSR level 4 precip
61
What does SIGMET stand for, and what non-convective hazards does it cover?
SIGMET; severe icing (non-TS), severe/extreme turbulence or CAT (non-TS), dust/sand/volcanic ash causing IFR or vis <3 SM, volcanic eruption
62
What is the naming/numbering system for SIGMET?
Uses alphabetic designators NOVEMBER–YANKEE (excluding SIERRA & TANGO); first issuance labeled UWS
63
What does AIRMET stand for, and what moderate conditions does it cover?
AIRMET; moderate icing, moderate turbulence, IFR & mountain obscuration
64
What are the names for AIRMET by phenomenon?
* Zulu (icing) * Tango (turbulence) * Sierra (IFR/mountain obscuration)
65
What does FB stand for, and how often is it reported?
Forecast; issued 4 times daily
66
What are the altitude rules for FB?
* True altitude ≤12,000’ * Pressure altitude ≥18,000’ * No winds within 1,500’ * No temps within 2,500’
67
What does MIS stand for, and what is its valid period?
Meteorological Impact Statement (MIS); valid 2–12 hours
68
What are the three issuance triggers for an MIS?
* Significant impact wx occurs/forecast (or prior forecast fails) * Impact to air traffic flow within ARTCC area * Lead time sufficient that a CWA isn’t needed
69
What are examples of 'significant wx' in an MIS?
* Convective SIGMET criteria * Mod+ icing/turbulence * Heavy/freezing precip * Low IFR * Surface winds/gusts ≥30 kt * LLWS within 2,000 ft * Volcanic ash/dust/sandstorm
70
What does CWA stand for, and what is its validity?
Center Weather Advisory (CWA); valid 2 hours
71
What are the three issuance cases for a CWA?
* To supplement/update an existing inflight advisory * Criteria met but advisory not yet issued—needs earlier dissemination * Criteria not met but conditions will shortly affect safe ARTCC traffic flow
Dispatching part 121
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