119 Integrative function

Question 1

Effect of exercise on cardiovasclar signals/skeletal muscle

Answer 1

Question 2

Factors that increase stroke volume

Answer 2

• oIncreased Preload
  
  • oAugmented venous return (second pump) from veins
  • oVenoconstriction: increased stressed volume
• oIncreased contractility
  
  • oIncreased adrenergic tone
  • oAscending Staircase effect
• oEnhanced lusitropy

Question 3

How to increase effective concentration of hemoglobin

Answer 3

Question 4

Effect of hemorrhage on cardiovascular signaling

Drivers of irreversible shock

Answer 4

Restoration of Blood Volume After Hemorrhage:

• oTranscapillary refill
• oRenal conservation of salt and water
• oThirst

Irreversible shock: failure of compensation:

• oVasoconstrictor response fails
  
  • oNeurotransmitter depletion à vasodilation
  • oLocal metabolic signaling à vasodilation
• oCapillary refill mechanism fails à filtration
• oHeart fails à reduced cardiac output
• oCentral nervous system fails à reduced SNS drive

Question 5

Normal

Uncompensated hemorrhage

compensated hemorrhage

decompensated hemorrhage

Answer 5

Question 6

Effect of standing on CV signaling

Answer 6