1.2- Cell Types

Question 1

what domains are prokaryotic cells found in

Answer 1

Archaea and Bacteria

Question 2

What domains are eukaryotic cells found in

Answer 2

Eukarya, (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista)

Question 3

Prokaryotic Cell Structure

Answer 3

Nucleoid

Plasmids

Ribosomes (70S)

Cell wall

Slime capsule

Pili

Flagella

Question 4

Nuceloid

Answer 4

region of the cytosol where the genetic material is found (the single DNA strand is called the genophore)

Question 5

Plasmids

Answer 5

Additional DNA molecules that can be exchanged via bacterial conjugation

Question 6

Ribosomes (70S)

Answer 6

Site of protein synthesis

Question 7

Cell Wall

Answer 7

Protects cell from damage or bursting

Question 8

Slime capsule

Answer 8

Protects from desiccation and phagocytosis

Question 9

Pili

Answer 9

hair-like extensions that aid in adhesion or plasmid exchange

Question 10

Flagella

Answer 10

whip-like projections which facilitate movement

Question 11

Eukaryotic cell’s shared structure

Answer 11

Nucleus

Cytosol

Plasma Membrane

Ribosomes (80S)

Mitochondria

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Apparatus

Vesicles

Question 12

Animal cells

Answer 12

Microvilli

Centrosome

Lysosome

Question 13

Plant cells

Answer 13

Cell wall

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Question 14

Microvilli

Answer 14

folds of the plasma membrane to increase SA

Question 15

Centrosome

Answer 15

organelle where fibres needed for cell division are produced

Question 16

Lyosome

Answer 16

site of enzyme-catalysed digestion within the cell; recycles components of organelles

Question 17

Cell wall

Answer 17

cellulose, maintains shape

Question 18

Vacuole

Answer 18

stores dissolved nutrients and minerals; also maintains shape

Question 19

Chloroplasts

Answer 19

site of photosynthesis, contain photosensitive pigments

Question 20

Fungal Cells

Answer 20

Hyphae

Bud Scar

Cell Wall

Question 21

Hyphae

Answer 21

filaments for nutrient absorption and growth

Question 22

Cell Wall

Answer 22

composed of chitin

Question 23

Bud Scar

Answer 23

from asexual reproduction

Question 24

Transcription

Answer 24

DNA instructions are read

Question 25

Translation

Answer 25

proteins built from instructions

Question 26

Post-transcriptional modification

Answer 26

seperation of transcription and translation allow instructions to be modified before being built.

Question 27

Advantages of separation of nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 27

improves efficiency of protein synthesis tighter control of gene expression than is possible in prokaryotic cells

Question 28

DNA differences in Pro vs Euk

Answer 28

PRO vs EUK naked (no histones) dna associated with histone proteins circular linear cytoplasm nucleus no junk introns introns

Question 29

Differences in membrane composition in bacteria and archaea

Answer 29

ester linked lipids ether linked lipids cell wall structure peptidoglycan no peptidoglycan