6.1- Plant Structure

Question 1

What is leaf structure adapted for?

Answer 1

photosynthesis and gas exchange

Question 2

Why are typical leaves thin
( few cell layers)

Answer 2

to allow for fast and efficient diffusion

Question 3

Draw leaf structure

Answer 3

Waxy cuticle
Upper Epidermis
Palisade Mesophyll
Spongy Mesophyll
Vascular Bundle (Xylem, Phloem)
Lower Epidermis
Stomata
Guard Cells

Question 4

Define waxy cuticle

Answer 4

lipid layer secreted by upper epidermis

prevents excessive water loss via evaporation

Question 5

Define upper epidermis

Answer 5

small flattened cells protect against mechanical injury, infection and water loss.
secretes the waxy cuticle

Question 6

Define palisade mesophyll

Answer 6

densely packed cylindrical cells adapted for photosynthesis.

located near top of the leaf to recieve maximum sunlight for photosynthesis.

many chloroplasts

Question 7

Define spongy mesophyll

Answer 7

loosely packed irregular shaped cells adapted for gas exchange.

few chloroplasts, many air spaces to increase surface area

Question 8

Define veins

Answer 8

contain fluid transport tubes
located centrally within the leaf to provide access to all layers

Question 9

Define xylem

Answer 9

transports water from roots to leaves

Question 10

Define phloem

Answer 10

transports water and nutrients around the plant

Question 11

Define lower epidermis

Answer 11

secretes waxy cuticle
protective barrier
contains stomata

Question 12

Define stomata

Answer 12

singular stoma
openings on the lower surface of leaves comprised of guard cells which control transpiration

Question 13

Draw stem structure

Answer 13

Epidermis
Cortex
Cambium
Pith

VASCULAR BUNDLE:

Sclerenchyma
Phloem
Xylem

Question 14

Define cortex

Answer 14

unspecialised cell layer that can store food reserves

Question 15

Draw root strcture

Answer 15

Root hairs
epidermis
phloem
xylem
cortex

Question 16

Define epidermis (root structure)

Answer 16

grows root hairs to increase SA for water