Why is calibration important?
Ensures equipment is providing accurate readings; prevents drift and measurement errors.
How can tester competence affect results?
Inaccurate following of protocol (e.g. gas leak, poor facemask fit) introduces error.
Why does timing of measurement matter?
Physiological variables fluctuate throughout the day; testing at different times can reduce consistency.
What participant-related factors can influence accuracy?
Understanding, effort level, hydration, fasting status, caffeine/alcohol intake, and motivation.
Why control environmental conditions?
Weather and temperature can affect performance and physiological measures.
How does equipment accuracy affect results?
Faulty or poorly calibrated equipment decreases validity.
Why adapt protocols to participants?
Ensures suitability and accurate results (e.g. correct ramp rate for fitness level).
Can measurement error be eliminated?
No, but it can be minimized through standardization and calibration.
Did performance improve with VO₂max increase from 62 → 66 ml/kg/min after training?
Yes, if measured accurately.
What if VO₂max was estimated using the Cooper 12-min run test?
No, because it’s not a valid measurement of VO₂max.
What is validity?
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
What is criterion validity?
How well a test correlates with a gold standard measure.
What is construct validity?
Whether a test accurately measures the concept it claims to.
What is ecological validity?
How well a test reflects real-world conditions.
What is reliability?
The consistency of a test or measurement over time.
What factors can affect reliability in regular self-weighing?
Time of day, food intake, hydration, and clothing.
What is the issue with the Cooper 12-min run test for unmotivated students?
It has low reliability and validity.
What are some fixes for the Cooper 12-min run test?
Familiarization, pacing strategies, and motivation.
What is the issue with the blood lactate analyzer?
It is not calibrated, leading to low reliability.
How can the reliability of the blood lactate analyser be improved?
By performing regular calibration.
What is the scenario involving the handgrip dynamometer?
Handgrip dynamometer with inconsistent instructions leads to low reliability.
What is the fix for low reliability in handgrip dynamometer testing?
Standardize testing method.
What is the reliability and validity of the submaximal step test in elite athletes?
High reliability, low validity.
What is the recommended fix for the submaximal step test in elite athletes?
Use direct VO₂max test for accuracy.
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(1st Term) Validity and Reliability27
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(1st Term) Health & Screening25
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(1st Term) Professional Interaction and Communication16
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(1st Term) Performing and Interpreting50
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(1st Term) VO2 max and VO2 peak45
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(1st Term) Exercise Intensity Thresholds22
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(1st Term) Principles of Exercise Training23
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(1st Term) CV adaptation to exercise training12
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(2nd Term) Warm-Up and Stretching30
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(2nd Term) Maximal Intensity Exercise47
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(2nd Term) Team Sports: Football39
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(2nd Term) Concurrent Exercise Training27
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(2nd Term) Neuromuscular Fatigue25
