(2nd Term) Maximal Intensity Exercise

Question 1

What is strength?

Answer 1

The maximum force a muscle group can generate against resistance (e.g. 1RM squat).

Question 2

What is force?

Answer 2

A mechanical push or pull defined as mass × acceleration (F = m × a), measured in Newtons.

Question 3

What is velocity (speed)?

Answer 3

How fast a movement is performed.

Question 4

What is power?

Answer 4

The rate at which force is produced over time (Force × Velocity).

Question 5

What is the key difference between strength and power?

Answer 5

Strength is how much you can lift; power is how fast you can lift it.

Question 6

How are strength and power commonly compared?

Answer 6

Strength is the engine; power is the accelerator.

Question 7

What equation defines force?

Answer 7

Force = Mass × Acceleration.

Question 8

What must happen for a person to leave the ground during a jump?

Answer 8

Ground reaction force must exceed body weight.

Question 9

What forces act during standing still?

Answer 9

Weight pulls downward and ground reaction force pushes upward.

Question 10

What is the net force when standing still?

Answer 10

Zero.

Question 11

Which fibre type has the smallest cross-sectional diameter?

Answer 11

Slow-twitch (Type I).

Question 12

Which fibre type has the greatest tension-producing capacity?

Answer 12

Fast-twitch (Type II-B).

Question 13

Which muscle fibres contract the fastest?

Answer 13

Fast-twitch fibres.

Question 14

Which fibre type is most fatigue resistant?

Answer 14

Slow-twitch fibres.

Question 15

What colour are slow-twitch fibres?

Answer 15

Red.

Question 16

Which fibre type has the highest myoglobin content?

Answer 16

Slow-twitch fibres.

Question 17

Which fibres have the densest capillary supply?

Answer 17

Slow-twitch fibres.

Question 18

Which muscle fibres contain the most mitochondria?

Answer 18

Slow-twitch fibres.

Question 19

Which fibres have the highest glycolytic enzyme concentration?

Answer 19

Intermediate (Type II-A) and fast-twitch fibres.

Question 20

What substrates do slow-twitch fibres primarily use for ATP production?

Answer 20

Lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids (aerobic metabolism).

Question 21

What substrates do fast-twitch fibres primarily use for ATP production?

Answer 21

Carbohydrates (anaerobic metabolism).

Question 22

What are alternative names for slow-twitch fibres?

Answer 22

Type I, S, red, SO, slow oxidative.

Question 23

What are alternative names for intermediate fibres?

Answer 23

Type II-A, FR, fast oxidative.

Question 24

What are alternative names for fast-twitch fibres?

Answer 24

Type II-B, FF, white, fast glycolytic.

Question 25

What is Henneman’s size principle?

Answer 25

Motor units are recruited from small to large as force demand increases.

Question 26

Why are small motor units recruited first?

Answer 26

They are innervated by more easily excitable motor neurons.

Question 27

When are larger motor units recruited?

Answer 27

As force requirements increase.

Question 28

What determines muscle force during voluntary contraction?

Answer 28

Motor unit recruitment and motor unit firing rate (rate coding).

Question 29

Does recruitment order differ between fast and slow contractions?

Answer 29

No, recruitment order is the same.

Question 30

Which principle explains recruitment order?

Answer 30

Henneman’s size principle.

Question 31

What is a countermovement jump (CMJ)?

Answer 31

A jump that includes a pre-stretch via an eccentric phase before concentric action.

Question 32

What is the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)?

Answer 32

An eccentric contraction immediately followed by a concentric contraction.

Question 33

Is CMJ considered a slow or fast SSC?

Answer 33

Slow SSC.

Question 34

What equipment is commonly used to measure CMJ variables?

Answer 34

Force plates.

Question 35

What variables can force plates measure?

Answer 35

Peak force, time to peak force, rate of force development (RFD), impulse.

Question 36

How reliable are force plate jump tests?

Answer 36

Excellent reliability (CV ≈ 3.5%, ICC ≈ 0.98).

Question 37

What is the Optimised Peak Power (OPP) test?

Answer 37

Multiple 6-second maximal sprints using different loads.

Question 38

What does the OPP test measure?

Answer 38

Force and velocity.

Question 39

How is force calculated in cycling tests?

Answer 39

From the applied load (Newtons).

Question 40

How is velocity calculated in cycling tests?

Answer 40

Flywheel distance moved divided by time.

Question 41

What is 1RM testing?

Answer 41

The maximum load that can be lifted once with proper technique.

Question 42

How reliable is 1RM testing?

Answer 42

Very high reliability (ICC > 0.90).

Question 43

How many familiarisation sessions may untrained individuals need for reliable 1RM testing?

Answer 43

Up to eight sessions.

Question 44

Is 1RM testing associated with a high injury risk?

Answer 44

No, injury risk is low when properly conducted.

Question 45

What is isokinetic testing?

Answer 45

Testing where movement velocity is kept constant while force is measured.

Question 46

What does isokinetic testing allow researchers to create?

Answer 46

A force–velocity profile for an isolated muscle group.

Question 47

What are key assumptions of isokinetic testing?

Answer 47

Force and velocity measured at the same joint angle, consistent fibre recruitment, constant velocity, and relaxed antagonist muscles.