20. Epigenetics

Question 1

What is epigenetics?

Answer 1

Studying the change of gene expression by the environment or other factors that occurs without altering the DNA sequence

Question 2

DNA methylation occurs on …

Answer 2

5th carbon of cytosine in CpG dinucleotide pair

Question 3

Catalyzes methylation of cytosines

Answer 3

DNMT (DNA methyltransferases)

Question 4

What is a CpG island?

Answer 4

DNA sequence with higher concentration of CpG than normal

Question 5

What is imprinting?

Answer 5

A concept that a gene from one parent is silenced while the other is expressed

Question 6

What are ICRs?

Answer 6

Regions of DNA that are methylated on one of the two parent alleles (imprinting)

Question 7

CpG islands become methylated. Expression …

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

Paternally imprinted

Answer 8

Father allele is not transcribed

Question 9

Maternally imprinted

Answer 9

Mother allele is not transcribed

Question 10

Transgenerational inheritance

Answer 10

Epigenetic marks passed across generations beyond direct exposure

Question 11

Intergenerational inheritance

Answer 11

Epigenetic marks affect the parent and their direct offspring

Question 12

Hybrid dysgenesis

Answer 12

Genetic chaos caused by certain crosses that lead to sterility, frequent mutation, and transposon activation

Question 13

Epiallele

Answer 13

Allele that can be affected by spontaneous DNA methylation