20th century

Question 1

How did 20th century differ to post-1850?

Answer 1

• Society became much richer but STILL unequally shared
• Further Growth of cities – urbanisation
• Communications developed - telephone
• Improvements in working conditions - increase in leisure time and income
• Physical Education became available for all
• Law and Order was fully apparent in society
• Gender equality
• However, War and terrorism hit society effecting health and well-being – WW1 1914

Question 2

How did social class change in 20th century?

Answer 2

• Sports was still divided by class - more vague
• e.g. Working class - Association football/ Rugby League
  Upper/ Middle class - Real Tennis/ Polo/ Rugby Union
• Amateurism dominated by middle class
• Professional associated with working class

Question 3

How did social class affect sports in 20th century?

Answer 3

Middle class had more money and time
Upper/ middle class had more opportunities for sports through grammer school
Creation of public facilities created greater access to sport

Question 4

What were the characteristics of law and order in 20th century?

Answer 4

• Sport used as a tool to appease the social unrest in society
• Fully established laws
• Sense of order in society and sports - less violent
• Still no effect on cruel activities for upper class. e.g. fox hunting

Question 5

How did law and order affect sport in 20th century?

Answer 5

• Sports now fully codified, with minor rules changes made to reduce any remaining violence - done through NGB’s
• As spectatorism grew more police needed at sport events
• Increased football hooligan, racism, homophobia
• Corruption in sport. e.g. drugs, match fixing, corrupt police

Question 6

What were the characteristics of education in 20th century?

Answer 6

• The Education Act of 1944 (Bulter Act) made PE compulsory and extra curricula sport important in all schools
• Introduction of Grammer Schools
• 1970’s & 80’s national curriculum

Question 7

What were the three catagories of schools that made up state education?

Answer 7

• Grammer
• Secondary modern
• Technical

Question 8

Why were there three catagories of school in 20th century?

Answer 8

to provide equal opportunities for children of all background

Question 9

What is 1988 Education reform Act?

Answer 9

• Introduction of nation curriculum - same education for all subjects in all schools
• PE was part of the national curriculum

Question 10

How did status of women change in 20th century?

Answer 10

• They were still seen as having a traditional role as a house wife, therefore had little time
• 1900 first females olympians in Paris Archery, Tennis and Golf as these sports are less physical
• Lack media / no spnsor - no money
• Less variety of sports
• Discrimination against women in certain sport - e.g. golf club
• Crowds at sporting events was primarily made up of males

Question 11

How did gender affect sports in 20th century?

Answer 11

• Continued increased women participation but still less than men
• Many women’s sports lacked professionalism
• Women’s sports mainly amateur
• Womem’s sports lack media, spectatorchips
• Fewer opportunities for women due to lack of media coverage

Question 12

What were the characteristics of income in 20th century?

Answer 12

• Paid holiday = more disposable income for the working class
• Upper/ middle class still had more income for expensive sports. e.g. skiing
• Expensive membership fee’s for private facilities. e.g golf
• Excess disposable income - increased in gambling

Question 13

How did income affect sports in 20th century?

Answer 13

• Increased participation
• Increased spectatiorship
• Money still differentiated access to certain activities
• Public sports facilities create greater equality
• Professionalism continued grow in working class - football

Question 14

How did availibility of time change in 20th century?

Answer 14

• Dramatic decrease in average hours of working week to 40 hrs = more leisure time for the working class/ spectating
• UC/ MC had more time for sports than LC
• Less work, increased energy to play
• Sports played regularly on Saturday and alternative days such as Sunday and mid week

Question 15

How did time affect sports in 20th century?

Answer 15

• Increased participation and spectatorship
• increased energy to participate
• More and paid holiday meant increased time to participate

Question 16

How did transport change in 20th century?

Answer 16

• Public and Private became available to everyone, which made sport much more accessible.
• Cars, buses, airplanes, trains, bikes etc.
• Public transport – trains/ Buses dominated in the early 20th century.
• Private transport – cars/planes dominated in the late 20th century.
• Planes became more common towards the later stages ofthe 20th Century – Upper and middle class (No Budgetairlines yet)
• People are getting wealthier and can now afford privatetransport – buythere owncars

Question 17

How did transport affect sports in 20th century?

Answer 17

• Increase in REGULAR participation as it increased accessibility to all sports
• Increase in competitive fixtures, leagues and competitions at ALL levels
• Increase in the international events – World cups
• Increase in spectatorism, as people could travel widely (including internationally)
• Reduced physical activity as less people walk.