Front (Question)
Back (Fact/Answer)
Why did Uthman (RA) order the standardization of the Quran?
Differences in recitation arose in distant provinces like Armenia and Azerbaijan; he wanted to ensure a single, unified dialect (Quraishi) for the whole Ummah.
What was Uthman’s (RA) policy on war booty?
Unlike previous Caliphs, he allowed a portion (one-fifth) to go to governors and relatives, which became a point of contention for his opponents.
Who led the committee for Quranic compilation under Uthman (RA)?
Zaid ibn Thabit (RA), who was also a primary scribe of Wahi during the Prophet’s ﷺ time.
The “Battle of the Camel” (Jamal) outcome?
Hazrat Ali (RA) was victorious, and he treated Hazrat Aisha (RA) with the utmost respect, sending her back to Madinah with a royal escort.
Why did Muawiyah (RA) refuse to pledge allegiance to Ali (RA)?
He insisted that the assassins of Hazrat Uthman (RA) must be punished first before he would accept Ali’s (RA) authority.
The role of the “Arbitrators” after Siffin?
“Abu Musa Ashari (RA) represented Hazrat Ali, and Amr ibn al-Aas (RA) represented Muawiyah to find a peaceful solution.”Front (Question)
Strategic shift of the capital?
He moved the seat of the Caliphate from Madinah to Kufa (Iraq) because it was more central and strategically located for military administration.
Policy on the Bayt-al-Maal (Treasury)?
He insisted on equal distribution of wealth among all Muslims, regardless of their tribe or social status, reversing some prior discretionary grants.
Who were the Kharijites?
A group that broke away from Ali’s (RA) army after the Arbitration at Siffin; he was forced to fight them at the Battle of Nahrawan.
What were the three major internal conflicts?
- Battle of Jamal (against Hazrat Aisha RA), 2. Battle of Siffin (against Muawiyah), 3. Battle of Nahrawan (against the Kharijites).
His approach to Administrative Oversight?
“He was famous for personally patrolling markets to prevent hoarding and cheating, and he wrote strict letters of accountability to his governors.”Front (Question)
Why is Uthman (RA) called “Jami-al-Quran”?
He standardized the Quran into a single dialect (Quraishi) and sent official copies to all provinces to prevent regional variations.
First Muslim Naval Fleet?
He authorized the creation of the first Islamic Navy, led by Muawiyah (RA), which resulted in the conquest of Cyprus.
Infrastructural changes to the Holy Mosques?
He was the first to significantly expand and rebuild Masjid-al-Haram and Masjid-al-Nabwi with stones and carved pillars.
What was his policy toward political rebels?
He chose a policy of patience and non-violence; even during the 40-day siege of his house, he forbade his supporters from shedding Muslim blood.
Administrative reform regarding the Dhimmis?
He maintained strict protection of the rights of non-Muslim citizens, ensuring they kept their religious freedom and lands during the empire’s expansion.
