1
Q
Excretion
A
- THe removal of waste products
2
Q
Homeostasis
A
- Keeping the conditions in the internal environment of the body constant
- Stops enzymes from becoming denatured
- Temperature, glucose, calcium, potassium, osmoregulation, urea, pH
3
Q
Osmoregulation
A
- Maintenance of the water and salt of the internal environment
4
Q
Skin waste and process
A
- Waste: urea & salt
- Process: sweating
5
Q
Kidney waste and process
A
- Waste: urea & salt
- Process: breakdown of amino acids in the liver
6
Q
Lungs waste and process
A
- Waste: carbon dioxide
- Process: respiration
7
Q
Stomata waste, useful and process
A
- Waste: oxygen and water
- Useful: carbon dioxide
- Process: photosynthesis
8
Q
Urinary system process
A
- Blood enters the kidney’s renal artery at a high pressure
- The kidney filters the blood
- Blood then returns through the renal vein
- Waste urine passes into the ureter which leads to the bladder for storage
- Through the urethra urine is finally excreted
9
Q
Nephron structure
A
- Glomerulus
- Bowman’s capsule
- First coiled duct
- Loop of Henle
- Second coiled duct
- Collecting duct
10
Q
Glomerulus
A
- Capillary ball
11
Q
Bownman’s capsule
A
- Hollow cup of cells
12
Q
Ultrafiltration
A
- The process where the filter (Bownman’s capsule in the nephron) separates differently sized molecules, under pressure
13
Q
Glomerular filtrate composition
A
- Small molecules
- H2O, CO2, glucose, amino acids, salts, ions…
14
Q
ADH
A
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Released in the pituitary gland
- Regulates the amount of water reabsorbed by the nephrons
- Regulates the permeability of the collecting ducts
- High water content = Less ADH secreted = Less permeable = Less water reabsorbed
- Low water content = More ADH secreted = More permeable = More water reabsorbed
15
Q
Urine contents
A
- Water
- Urea
- Ions
16
Q
How is water reabsorbed in the nephron
A
Most of the water is reabsorbed in the collecting duct through a selectively partially membrane to water. ADH regulates this permeability.
17
Q
Why glucose is reabsorbed
A
- Glucose is reabsorbed from the nephron in the first coiled duct through active transport, requiring ATP since it is useful
