3

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

Detection of physical energy by the sense organs

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

The brains interpretation of raw sensory data

Question 3

Illusion

Answer 3

Perception which does not match reality

Question 4

Sensation

Answer 4

First external stimulus is converted via sense receptor into numeral activity via transduction

• after the highest first stimulus, then sensory adaptation occurs

Question 5

Sensory adaptation

Answer 5

Reduced sensitivity to a constant unchanging stimulus over time

Question 6

Physcophysics

Answer 6

Study of how we perceive stimuli based on their physical characteristics

Question 7

Absolute threshold

Answer 7

Lowest level of stimulus we can detect at above changer performance

Eg) see a single 50km away

Question 8

JND

Answer 8

Just noticeable difference
- smallest amount of stimulus change humans can detect

Question 9

Webers law

Answer 9

A constant proportional relationship between the JND and stimulus intensity

Stonger stimuli= higher JND

Question 10

Signal Detection Theory

Answer 10

Theory regarding how stimuli are detected

True and false positives and negatives

Question 11

Synesthesia

Answer 11

Example of Cross talk between senses
- cross modal sensations
- sounds with Color, colors with taste

Question 12

Selective attention

Answer 12

Process of selecting one sensory channel and ignoring/ minimizing others
- other channels are still being processed at some level; may reach awareness

Eg) cocktail party effect

Question 13

Inattentional blindness

Answer 13

• poor at detecting stimuli in sight if our attention is focused elsewhere

Question 14

Change blindness

Answer 14

• failure to detect changes in your environment
• role in traffic accidents intensively studied

Question 15

Binding problem

Answer 15

How are brains combine all the various stimuli as a whole?

Question 16

Brightness

Answer 16

Related to the amount of light reflected back to the eye

Question 17

Hue

Answer 17

Color or the light( wavelength)
- maximally sensitive to blue green and red
- mixing gives different colors

Question 18

Sclera

Answer 18

White portion of eye

Question 19

Iris

Answer 19

Colored portion
- controls how much light enters the eye

Question 20

Pupil

Answer 20

Hole where light enters the eye

Question 21

Cornea

Answer 21

Transparent cells that focus light on the back of the eye

Question 22

Lens

Answer 22

Keeps image in house

Question 23

Accommodation

Answer 23

Changing the shape of the lens to reflective light based on distance of object

Question 24

Nearsighted

Answer 24

Image is focussed to early

Question 25

Farsighted

Answer 25

Image is focussed to late

Question 26

Retina

Answer 26

Membrane at the back of the eye that detects light via cones and rods

Question 27

Fovea Centralis

Answer 27

Centre of eye with most cones

Question 28

Cones

Answer 28

High light requirement Color vision

Question 29

Rods

Answer 29

Low light vision Dark adaptation Most on outside of retina

Question 30

Optic nerve

Answer 30

Exits at the back of the eye and is composed of the axons of ganglion cells - causes blind spot

Question 31

Feature detector cells

Answer 31

Allow us to detect lines and edges Simple cells - orientation specific slits of light in a particular location Complex cells - orientation specific but less dependent on location

Question 32

Trichromatic theory

Answer 32

Colour vision is based on our sensitivity to three primary colors - consistent with types of cones - explain colour blindness

Question 33

Opponent process theory

Answer 33

Sees colour vision as a function of complementary, opposing colours

Question 34

Visual agnostic

Answer 34

Object recognition deficit; damage to higher visual cortical areas

Question 35

Blindsight

Answer 35

Above-chance visual performance of cortically blind individuals

Question 36

Outer ear

Answer 36

Contains the pinna and ear canal; funnels sound waves to the eardrum

Question 37

Middle

Answer 37

Ossicles( hammer, anvil, stirrup) vibrate and transmit sound to the inner ear

Question 38

Inner ear

Answer 38

Cochlea convertsvibrarion into neural activity - contains organ of corti and basilar membrane

Question 39

Place theory

Answer 39

Specific location along of the basilar membrane matches a specific tone and pitch - accounts for high tones

Question 40

Frequency

Answer 40

The rate of action potentials is related to pitch - accounts for low tones