Parallel Processing
Attending to multiple senses at once
Bottom up processing
Whole is constructed from the parts
Top up processing
Whole is modified by experiences, expectations and goals
Perceptual Set
Expectation influence our perception
Perceptual Constancy
Allows us to perceive stimuli; consistently across conditions
Gostalt Principles + 4 types
Rules that govern how we perceive objects as whole within their context
1) proximity 2) similarity 3) continuity 4) figure ground
Monocular depth
Relies on one eye
- relative size
- texture
- light and shadow
Binocular Depth
Both eyes
- disparity
- convergence
Sleep paralysis
State of being unable to live just after falling asleep or before waking up
- associated with anxiety and terror
Consciousness
Subjective experience of the world, our bodies and our mental perspective
Why is sleep beneficial
Learning
Long term memory
Immune system
Neural development
Energy conservation
Circadian Rhythm
Cyclical biological changes that occur on the 24-hour basis
- includes hormone release and body temp
- regulated by suprachiasmatic nucleus
- triggered by melatonin
How much do we sleep
Babies- 16h
Students- 9h
Most people - 7-10h
Dec2 mutation- <6h
Sleep deprivation problem
Weight gain
Depression
Cardiovascular problems
Decreased immune health
Stages of sleep
1-4 non rem sleep
5 rem sleep
90 minute cycles
Stages and their waves
1- beta to theta waves
2- sleepspindles and k complex
3+4- delta waves
5- REM sleep
What is REM
Rapid eye movement
- similar brain activity to wakefulness
- longer as night progresses
Dreams in REM vs nREM
NREM- shorter light light and repetitive dreams
REM- more, emotional and illogical, plot shifts, biologically crucial
Lucid Dreams
Know a dream is a dream
Sometimes controllable
Sleep disorders
63 billion a year in US alone
- 30-50% of population experiences it at some point
Insomnia
Difficult falling and staying asleep
Narcolepsy
Rapid unexpected onset of sleep
- linked to low orexin production
Sleep apnea
Caused by blockage of airway during sleep
Night terrors
Sudden waking episodes
- screaming, perspiring, confusion
