3.4.1 Upper Extremities

Question 1

What is the function of the pronator teres muscle?

Answer 1

Assists the pronator quadratus in pronation

Question 2

Where does the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle attach?

Answer 2

To the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Question 3

What is the primary action of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

Answer 3

Flexes the wrist anteriorly and aids in ulnar flexion of the wrist

Question 4

What is the palmar aponeurosis?

Answer 4

A fibrous triangular sheath that anchors the skin and fascia of the palmar region

Question 5

Which muscle has four tendons that attach to the 2nd through 5th fingers?

Answer 5

Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The _______ muscle has a long tendon attached to the thumb.

Answer 6

Flexor pollicis longus

Question 7

What is the role of the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 7

Stabilizes tendons and the carpal region on the flexor side

Question 8

What actions does the deltoid muscle perform?

Answer 8

Flexes, extends, abducts, and medially and laterally rotates the arm

Question 9

True or False: The latissimus dorsi muscle is a prime mover of the shoulder joint.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the primary action of the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 10

Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm

Question 11

Which muscle works with the serratus anterior to move the scapula anteriorly and laterally?

Answer 11

Pectoralis minor muscle

Question 12

How many muscles are included in the rotator cuff?

Answer 12

Four

Question 13

What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 13

Aids the deltoid muscle in abduction of the arm

Question 14

What does the teres major muscle do?

Answer 14

Extends and medially rotates the arm

Question 15

What is the prime mover of elbow flexion?

Answer 15

Brachialis muscle

Question 16

What is the incorrect spelling of biceps?

Answer 16

Bicep

Question 17

True or False: The triceps brachii muscle has two heads.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Which muscle is the prime mover of elbow extension?

Answer 18

Triceps brachii muscle

Question 19

What separates the flexor side from the extensor side of the forearm?

Answer 19

Brachioradialis muscle

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The _______ muscle flexes the elbow.

Answer 20

Brachioradialis

Question 21

What is the Thenar Muscle Group?

Answer 21

Fleshy mass of muscles located at the base of the thumb

Includes the flexor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis brevis muscles.

Question 22

What is the action of the Thenar Muscle Group?

Answer 22

Concerned with the thumb’s precise movements

Important for tasks requiring thumb dexterity.

Question 23

What is the Hypothenar Muscle Group?

Answer 23

Fleshy mass of muscles located at the base of the little finger

Essential for the fine motor control of the little finger.

Question 24

What is the action of the Hypothenar Muscle Group?

Answer 24

Concerned with the little finger’s precise movements

Plays a role in gripping and manipulation tasks.

Question 25

What is the Lumbrical Muscle Group?

Answer 25

Superficial muscles located on the palmar side of the metacarpals ## Footnote Facilitates movement of the fingers.

Question 26

What is the action of the Lumbrical Muscle Group?

Answer 26

Extends the knuckles ## Footnote Works in conjunction with other muscles for finger movements.

Question 27

What are the Palmar Interosseous Muscles?

Answer 27

Deep muscles located on the palmar side of the metacarpals ## Footnote Also known as interossei.

Question 28

What is the action of the Palmar Interosseous Muscles?

Answer 28

Adduct the fingers; important for grip strength ## Footnote Vital for holding objects securely.

Question 29

What is the Anconeus Muscle?

Answer 29

Small triangular muscle near the elbow ## Footnote Aids in elbow extension.

Question 30

What is the action of the Anconeus Muscle?

Answer 30

Extends the elbow; works with the triceps brachii muscle ## Footnote Important for straightening the arm.

Question 31

Where is the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle located?

Answer 31

Next to and slightly overlaps with the brachioradialis muscle ## Footnote Carpi refers to its connection to the carpal bones.

Question 32

What is the action of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle?

Answer 32

Extends the wrist; aids in radial flexion of the wrist ## Footnote Plays a role in wrist movements.

Question 33

Where is the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle located?

Answer 33

Very close to the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle ## Footnote Brevis means short, indicating its size.

Question 34

What is the action of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle?

Answer 34

Extends the wrist; aids in radial flexion of the wrist ## Footnote Functions similarly to the longus muscle.

Question 35

What is the Extensor Digitorum Muscle?

Answer 35

Wide muscle that has four tendons attached to the 2nd through 5th fingers ## Footnote Essential for finger extension.

Question 36

What is the action of the Extensor Digitorum Muscle?

Answer 36

Extends the wrist, knuckles, and fingers, except for the thumb ## Footnote Critical for opening the hand.

Question 37

What is the Extensor Digiti Minimi Muscle?

Answer 37

A thin muscle in very close proximity to the extensor digitorum muscle ## Footnote Focus on its tendon insertion to avoid confusion.

Question 38

What is the action of the Extensor Digiti Minimi Muscle?

Answer 38

Extends the wrist and all joints of the little finger only ## Footnote Specific to the little finger's movements.

Question 39

Where is the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle located?

Answer 39

Next to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle ## Footnote Most medial forearm muscles.

Question 40

What is the action of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle?

Answer 40

Extends the wrist when the fist is clenched; aids in ulnar flexion of the wrist ## Footnote Important for wrist stability.

Question 41

What is the mnemonic for the Pollicis Muscles?

Answer 41

Longus–Brevis–Longus OR Abductor–Extensor–Extensor

Question 42

What is the action of the Abductor Pollicis Longus Muscle?

Answer 42

Extends and abducts the thumb

Question 43

What is the action of the Extensor Pollicis Brevis Muscle?

Answer 43

Extends the thumb and its knuckle

Question 44

What is the action of the Extensor Pollicis Longus Muscle?

Answer 44

Extends, adducts, and laterally rotates the thumb

Question 45

What is the action of the Extensor Indicis Muscle?

Answer 45

Extends the wrist and the index (pointing) finger

Question 46

What is the function of the Extensor Retinaculum?

Answer 46

Stabilizes the tendons and carpal region on the extensor side

Question 47

Where is the Dorsal Interosseous Muscle Group located?

Answer 47

On the metacarpals of the hand but on the dorsal side (back of the hand)

Question 48

What is the action of the Dorsal Interosseous Muscle Group?

Answer 48

Abduct the fingers; important for grip strength

Question 49

Fill in the blank: The Abductor Pollicis Longus Muscle has a small part visible attaching to the _______.

Answer 49

thumb

Question 50

Fill in the blank: The Extensor Pollicis Brevis Muscle has a small part visible attaching to the _______.

Answer 50

thumb

Question 51

Fill in the blank: The Extensor Pollicis Longus Muscle has a small part visible or just its tendon sticking out and attaching to the _______.

Answer 51

thumb

Question 52

True or False: The Extensor Retinaculum is a wristband-like sheet where tendons of the anterior forearm pass under.

Answer 52

False

Question 53

What is the biceps brachii muscle?

Answer 53

Superficial and appears as a large anterior bulge on the upper arm; it has two heads—a lateral long head and a medial short head


Question 54

What is the action of the biceps brachii muscle

Answer 54

Rapid or forceful supination (powerful supinator) of the forearm as it works with the supinator muscle; also acts synergistically with the brachialis muscle in elbow flexion.
Attached to the bicipital aponeurosis that extends to the anterior forearm.

Question 55

What is the coracobrachialis muscle?

Answer 55

Most medial and deep arm muscle that attaches to the humeral shaft and coracoid process

Question 56

What is the action of the coracobrachialis muscle?

Answer 56

Flexes and medially rotates the arm

Question 57

Take a deep breath.

Answer 57

You’ve got this! 😊