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Question 1

Body mass index calc

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Question 4

FFA mobilisation is restricted to 200 why

Answer 4

Albumin needed

Question 5

Decreased diet intake

Answer 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Biology does uncouple mitochondria - in brown fat

Question 9

Features of brown fat

Answer 9

• special thermogenic tissue
• found in hibernating animals
• babies
• less in adults
• keeps hibernating animals and babies warm
• many mitochondria and fat droplets

Question 10

Answer 10

• less triaglyceril fat droplets and more mito

Question 11

Uncoupling protein (UCP)

Answer 11

• originally found in brown fat
• present in inner mitochondrial membrane
• UCPs are regulated proton channels in the membrane - holes
• ‘uncouple’ ATP syntheses from fatty acid oxidation
• electrochemical potential gradient dissipates, releasing heat
• therefore increases metabolic rate and burns excess fuels

Question 12

Question 13

Metabolic adaptions to cold in penguins

Answer 13

Question 14

Diet induced thermogenesis

Answer 14

Question 15

Are there uncouples in white adipose tissue? What do they do?

Answer 15

Yes
- they act to raise the metabolic rate and release heat to burn offf some excess energy and prevent obesity
- the tissue is called beige adipose tissue and its formed following exposure to cold

Question 16

UCP burning off fat after baeiatric surgery

Question 17

BAT (brown adipose tissue) orientated strategises to combat obesity “burn off excess fuel as heat

Answer 17

• stimulate existing BAT
• switch on brown fat differentiation and growth
• transplation of energneered bat

Question 18

How to generate BAT

Answer 18

Stem cells giving rise to skeletal muscle were shown by the expression of a single transcription factor, they could be diverted into brown adipose

• expressing transcription factor in white adipose does the same thing

Answer 19

The more we understand about the transition from white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue, we will be able to stimulate stransition and burn of excess fat

Question 20

Obesity genetic component

Answer 20

Yes
- environment and lifestyle factors too

Several genetic abuse rodents have defects in single genes
- become fat even tho eating same diet

Question 21

Obese gene codes for

Answer 21

• leptin
• mutant obscene mouse doesn’t produce leptin
• hormone secreted from ‘fat’ fat cells
• leptin signals the brain to:
  
  • decrese food intake
  • increase energy expenditure
    Therefore maintaining normal energy balance
• homozygous doesn’t produce leptin

Question 22

Injecting leptin into obese mouse

Answer 22

Question 23

Leptin receptor

Answer 23

• obesity is from absence of receptor not absence of hormone ?

Question 24

Leptin in humans - where does it come from where is it receipted

Answer 24

Question 25

Very obese child has no leptin

Answer 25

Question 26

Most obese humans appear to be resisting to the…

Answer 26

Leptin signal - not the hormone or receptor

Question 27

Factors influencing the development of obesity

Answer 27

Question 28

Potential molecular targets for anti obesity drugs

Answer 28