functions of skeletal system
- provide support
- protects internal organs
- assist in body movements
- store/release calcium and phosphorus
- blood cell production
- store triglycerides
structures of a bone (long bone)
- Diaphysis; bone shaft
- 2 epiphyses; either end of the bone that attaches to the joint (heads of bone)
- 2 metaphyses; region between diaphyses and epiphyses
- articular; cartilage covering both epiphyses
- periosteum; connective tissue surrounding the diaphyses
- medullary cavity; hollow space within the the diaphyses
- endosteum; thin membrane around the meduallary cavity
- Long Bone components
- diaphysis
- metaphysis
- epiphysis
- articulating cartilage
- periosteum
- endosteum
- medullary cavity
long bone components
diaphysis – middle of long bone
metaphysis – between diaphysis and metaphysis
epiphysis – distal and promxial ends
Articulating cartilage – covers ends of bones
Periosteum – connective tissue which wraps around bone not covered by articular cartilage
Endosteum – lines cavitys of bone
Medullary cavity – place of yellow bone marrow
- Parathyroid hormone increases Ca levels in the blood
- causes bones to release Ca
- Calcitonin decreases Ca levels in the blood
- causes bones and kidneys to absorb Ca
- Describe a muscle contraction
- Calcium binds to troponin
- Troponin pulls tropomyosin away from myosin heads
- ATP binds to myosin
- Myosin and actin bind and kick (power stroke)
- 4 special components of a muscle
- contractility
- elasticity
- extendibility
- conductivity
- 4 ways ATP is created
- creatine
- anaerobic resp
- aerobic resp
- ATP/Myosin
- Ribs
- 12 pairs
- 1-7 “true”
- 8-10 “false”
- 11-12 “floating”
decompression sites
- 2nd intercostal space above the 3rd rib midclavicular.
- 5th intercostal space above the 6th rib midaxillary
- 6 synovial joints and examples
- Plane-facet joint of spine
- Pivot-Radio-ulnar
- Hinge-Knee
- Ball and socket-Hip
- Condyloid-wrist
- Saddle-thumb
functions of synovial fluid
- protection
- lubrication
- reduction of friction
- nutrients
- waste removal
- phagocytic activity
- shock absorption
- infection control
what is shock
In simpler terms it is a volume, pump or fluid issue resulting in Inadequate tissue perfusion
what is shock
In simpler terms it is a volume, pump or fluid issue resulting in Inadequate tissue perfusion
fick principle
- Adequate oxygen
- on loading of oxygen to RBC’s
- Circulation of RBC’s to tissue
- off loading of oxygen to target tissue
load and go
- decreased LOC
- difficulty with airway or breathing
- difficulty with circulation
- bilaterial femur fracture
- distended abdo
- fractured pelvis
trauma lethal triad
- hypothermia
- acidiosis
- coagulopathy
paralytics non-depolarizing -pancuronium (Pavulon) 0.04-0.1 mg/kg -rocuronium (Zemuron) 0.6-1.2 mg/kg -vecuronoim (Norcuron) 0.08-0.1 mg/kg
depolarizing
succinylcholine (Anectine) 1-1.5 mg/kg
paralytics non-depolarizing -pancuronium (Pavulon) onset 30-45 sec -rocuronium (Zemuron) onset 30-60 sec lasting 30-60 min -vecuronoim (Norcuron) onset < 1 min
depolarizing
succinylcholine (Anectine) onset 30-60 sec lasts 2-3 min
excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity
- ability to respond to a stimuli
- ability to shorten and thicken (contract)
- ability to extend (stretch) without damage
- ability to return to original shape
