What is temperament?
Inborn differences in activity, emotion, and self-regulation, influenced by genes and environment.
What are the three dimensions of temperament?
Effortful control, negative mood, and exuberance.
What is synchrony?
A coordinated exchange of responses between caregiver and infant.
What is attachment?
A lasting emotional bond formed in early infancy.
What are signs of attachment?
Proximity-seeking and contact-maintaining behaviors.
What are the stages of attachment in infancy?
Preattachment (Birth–6 weeks)
Attachment in the making (6 weeks–8 months)
Classic secure attachment (8 months–2 years)
What is secure attachment (Type B)?
Infant feels confident and comforted by caregiver’s presence.
What is insecure-avoidant attachment (Type A)?
Infant avoids caregiver and seems indifferent to their presence.
What can cause insecure attachment?
Harsh environments like poverty or inconsistent caregiving.
What is proximal parenting?
Physical closeness through holding and touching; may lead to compliant toddlers.
What is distal parenting?
Less physical contact, more face-to-face communication; may lead to self-aware but less obedient children.
How does culture influence parenting styles?
Cultural values shape whether parents use proximal or distal strategies.
