What is the cortex and its function?
The cortex is the crinkled outer layer of the brain, responsible for higher brain functions.
What does the frontal cortex do, and how developed is it in newborns?
It assists in planning, self-control, and self-regulation but is very immature in newborns.
Which sense is most developed at birth and which is least?
Hearing is most acute (auditory cortex), while vision is least mature (visual cortex).
Why is regular sleep important for infants?
It correlates with health, growth, and life quality.
What are key characteristics of REM sleep in infants?
Rapid eye movements, twitching, irregular breathing, and small noises.
What are the functions of REM sleep in infants?
Supports brain development, memory consolidation, emotional regulation, and immune function.
What is co-sleeping vs. room-sharing?
Co-sleeping involves sharing a bed; room-sharing involves being in the same room but not the same bed.
What are the benefits of breastfeeding?
Reduces risk of all infant diseases and lowers risk of heart disease, obesity, asthma, and allergies.
How does breast milk adapt over time?
It changes composition as the baby grows.
What are APA’s breastfeeding recommendations?
Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, continuing up to 2 years or more.
When can peanut butter be introduced to infants?
Between 4–6 months, unless there’s a history of allergies or eczema.
What are major successes of childhood immunization?
Eradication of smallpox, elimination of polio in most nations, measles reduction, and decreased rotavirus deaths.
What is SIDS and when does it usually occur?
A sudden unexplained death of a healthy baby, usually between 2–4 months old.
What is the “Back to Sleep” program?
A 1994 campaign advising caregivers to place babies on their backs to sleep to reduce SIDS.
What are SIDS prevention measures?
Sleep on back, firm mattress, no overheating, same room as parent, and smoke-free environment.
What are gross motor skills?
Physical abilities involving large body movements like crawling or walking.
What is the typical age for babies to sit unsupported?
Around 6 months.
When do most babies walk well?
Around 13 months.
