7.2

Question 1

List the three segments of the citric acid cycle

Answer 1

• Acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
   Citrate (step 1)
• Citrate rearrangement & decarboxylation (steps 2-8)
• Regeneration of oxaloacetate (step 9)

Question 2

Calculate the energy yield from the citric acid cycle

Answer 2

• 2 CO2 molecules
• 3 NADH
• 1 FADH
• 1 ATP
• multiply by 2 for per glucose

Question 3

List the process of the citric acid cycle

Answer 3

** completely oxidize acetyl coA to CO2**
* Condensation
* Isomerization
* 1st and 2nd oxidation
* Substrate-level phosphorylation
* Third oxidation
* Regeneration of oxaloacetate and the fourth oxidation

Question 4

Describe the structure and function of the electron transport chain

Answer 4

• Series of membrane-bound electron carriers
• Electrons move protein complex to protein complex
• Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 5

Explain how electrons are passed from NADH and FADH2 to the electron transport chain

Answer 5

• transferred to complexes in ETC which operate as proton pumps
   driving protons (H+) to the intermembrane space, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

Question 6

Illustrate how electrons move through the ETC to produce the proton gradient

Answer 6

• Accumulation of H+ in the intermembrane space is referred to as a proton motive force & drives ATP synthase
• Uses energy of gradient to make ATP from ADP + Pi
   Chemiosmosis

Question 7

Diagram how the protein gradient connects the ETC with ATP synthesis

Answer 7

• Carried out by a tiny rotary motor driven by H+ gradient
• 2 subportions of ATP synthase complex
   F0 membrane-bound complex
   F1 complex (stalk & knob) has enzymatic activity
• Protons travel through F0 channel, which causes F0 to rotate
• Mechanical energy changes confirmation of catalytic domain in F1

Question 8

Calculate the number of ATP molecules produced by aerobic respiration

Answer 8

About 30-32