8.6

Question 1

Explain how Israel dealt with its newfound independence.

Answer 1

• 1897: Jews wanted a Jewish state in Palestine because it was their ancestral home, but Israel was the home to a majority population of Arab Muslims
• post-WWII, Israel was made a protectorate of Britain
  *led to more Jews migrating to Palestine from Europe and the Middle East
  *Arabs felt threatened, and began to organize opposititon
• post-WWII, the world sympathized with Jews and their desire for a homeland, more Jews migrated, led to more opposition from Arab Muslims
• U.N. made deal in 1948, where Israel would be divided into Jewish and Arab sections. The Jewish section was the new state of Israel
  *war immediately broke out between Jews and the Arabs
  *Arab nations supported the Palestinians
• Jews won, ceasefire enacted, but violence and war continues till this day

Question 2

Explain how Cambodia dealt with its newfound independence.

Answer 2

• gained independence from France in 1953
• was active in the Vietnam war
• after the Vietnam War, Khmer Rouge (communist) overthrew the government and established a communist government led by Pol Pot
• Pol Pot was a dictator
  *over 2 million Cambodians slaughtered or starved
• growth of anti-Pol Pot resistors
• 1978: Vietnam invaded Cambodia in support of the resistors, Pol Pot is overthrown
• Vietnamese occupy Cambodia, leading to discontentedness
• 1989: Vietnamese leave Cambodia
• 1991: 1st free elections in Cambodia’s newly democratic government

Question 3

Explain how India and Pakistan navigated their newfound independence.

Answer 3

• won independence in 1947
  India was a democracy, Pakistan was authoritarian, and they fought over the region of Kashmir.
• mass immigration: Muslims migrated north to Pakistan, Hindus migrated south to India
  *on journey north and south, the two populations clashed, and religious conflicts ensued
  *resulted in the death of 500,000-1 million people

Question 4

Why was there conflict over the region of Kashmir? How was it resolved?

Answer 4

The majority population in Kashmir was Muslim, but the leadership had been Hindu, so both Pakistan and India felt entitled to that territory.

Eventually the conflict was settled, with China, India, and Pakistan all claiming portions of Kashmir.

Question 5

Explain the strong government role in Sri Lanka.

Answer 5

• Sirimavo Bandaranaike was the world’s first female prime minister
• 1965: the economy was struggling, so Bandaranaike enacted socialist policies that ended up being super unsuccessful
  *land redistribution, industries nationalized, restrictions on the free market

Question 6

Explain the strong government role in India.

Answer 6

• 1960s-1970s: female prime minister Indira Gandhi was in power
  *extreme inflation and the expansion of poverty
• Gandhi attempted to fix this with her 20 Point Plan
• jailed opposition
• increased national production
• alleviated inflation
• reformed corrupt laws

They were semi-successful, but Gandhi was not reelected in 1977.

Question 7

Explain the 20 Point Plan.

Answer 7

The 20 Point Plan was a plan executed in India under Indira Gandhi’s rule in efforts to stifle the spread of poverty and extreme inflation.
- jailed opposition
- increased national production
- alleviated inflation
- reformed corrupt laws

They were semi-successful, but Gandhi was not reelected in 1977.

Question 8

Explain the strong government role in Tanzania.

Answer 8

• gained independence in 1962
  *first president was Julius Nyerere, who enacted socialist policies like a cooperative agriculture program, and desired to wean Tanzania off of foreign aid. He was unsuccessful in strengthening the Tanzanian economy, however.

Question 9

What are some examples of migration to metropoles following decolonization? Why is this migration important?

Answer 9

• refugees and immigrants from British Colonies to England after WWII
• Vietnamese and Algerians to France
• Filipinos to the USA

This is important, because it created strong economic and cultural tires between former colonies and metropoles, as immigrants brought culture with them.