equation: pressure under the surface of a liquid
P = ρgh
P = pressure ρ = density g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8) h = depth of liquid
buoyant force equation
F = -ρgV
F = buoyant force exerted by the fluid onto the floating object ρ = density of liquid g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8) V = fluid volume
Archimede’s Principle
the buoyant force of a fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid
when an object is immersed fully or partially in a fluid, the upward force applied by the fluid on the object is the same as the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
determine frequency given wavelength
f λ= c
f = frequency (s-1 or Hz)
λ = wavelength (m)
c = speed of light (m/s)
Hz units
1/seconds or s-1
speed of light
electric field units
volts / meter
1 volt / meter =
1 Newton / coulomb
newton units
volt units
joules / coulomb
1 joule =
1 newton meter
in phase vs out of phase (waves)
wavelength