Acupuncture

Question 1

Acupuncture

Answer 1

is a practice in which needles are inserted into various traditionally determined points of the body and then manipulated
- claims to relieve pain, treat infertility, treats disease, prevents disease, promotes general health, or can be used for therapeutic purposes

Question 2

Dry needling

Answer 2

-one type of acupuncture but can be practiced by PTs in 26 states

Question 3

Yin Yang

Answer 3

• Extreme opposites

ex. male/female, night/day

Question 4

zang-fu organs

Answer 4

• Describes 5 organs with specific functions and pathological changes
• heart controls mind
• kidney controls bone ( metabolism or vitamin D)

Question 5

Qi

Answer 5

energy- light force

- need food and air to get energy (rice and vapor)

Question 6

Theories based on chinese philosophy

Answer 6

• Yin yang
• zang-fu organs
• five elements
• qi, blood, and body fluid
• meridians

Question 7

Five elements

Answer 7

used to describe symptoms

• Fire
• Earth
• Metal
• water
• Wood

Question 8

Fire

Answer 8

• comes from water, gives birth to metal
• Yin Yang examples
• • yin: heart (HT) Yang: small intestine (SI)
• Yin: heart constrictor Yang: triple heater (TH)

Question 9

Earth

Answer 9

• comes from wood, gives birth to water
• Yin Yang example:
• • Yin: spleen (SP); Yang: Stomach (ST)

Question 10

Metal

Answer 10

• Comes from fire gives birth to wood
• Yin Yang example:
• • Yin: lung (LU); Yang: large intestine (LI)

Question 11

Water

Answer 11

• Comes from earth gives birth to fire
• Yin yang example:
• • Yin: kidney (KI); Yang: Bladder (BL)

Question 12

Wood

Answer 12

• Comes from metal, gives birth to earth
• Yin Yang example:
• • Yin: liver (LIV); Yang: gall bladder (GB)

Question 13

Yang in the body

Answer 13

• Exterior: skin, flesh, hair, meridians
• excess (shi): disease preventing forces (-), pathogenic factors increase
• heat: yin deficiency or excess heat

Question 14

Yin in the body

Answer 14

• Interior: organs, bone marrow, qi, and blood
• Deficiency (xu): disease preventing forces decrease, pathogenic factors (-)
• Cold: yang deficiency or excess cold

Question 15

Pattern recognition

Answer 15

• Five elements
• interconnections between patterns
• TCM eight principles

Question 16

Acupuncture meridian chart

Answer 16

• includes everything (vascular, cardio, etc)

- high correlation between pathways of nerves and meridian system

Question 17

examination in traditional chinese medicine

Answer 17

• Inspection (whole body including tongue)
• Palpation including pulse which would include feeling strength, rhythm, depth of pulse
• Auscultation
• Percussion
• History taking

Question 18

Diagnosis in TCM ( pattern recognition)

Answer 18

• eight principles
• Zang-fu organ system
• Qi, blood, body fluid system
• Meridian system
• ie. kidney yang deficiency

Question 19

Acupuncture treatment

Answer 19

Treatment via tonifying deficiencies and dispersing excesses
- release excess fire
-tonify deficient water
- use acupuncture and chinese herbs in combo
Treatment based on modern biomedical understandings

Question 20

History of acupuncture: middle ages

Answer 20

• acupuncture spread from china to korea, Japan, and Vietnam, and elsewhere in East Asia.
• Portuguese missionaries in the 16th century were among the first to bring reports of acupuncture to the West

Question 21

History of acupuncture: modern era

Answer 21

• acupuncture became better knonw in the US after an article appeared in the NY times by James Reston, who underwent an emergency appendectomy while visiting China
• while standard anesthesia was used for actual surgery, he was treated with acupuncture for post-op discomfort
• National Acupuncture Association (NAA) introduced acupuncture to the West through seminars and research presentations

Question 22

Modern understandings of Needling in Musculoskeletal pain: myofascial pain

Answer 22

summarized as tight cord, nodule or band that can be accompanied by radiating pain and localized muscle twitches

Question 23

Modern understandings of Needling in Musculoskeletal pain: Trigger points

Answer 23

90% of pain will be gone within 2 minutes with acupuncture

Question 24

Modern understandings of Needling in Musculoskeletal pain: stretch- like effects

Answer 24

• Acupuncture acts like stretch
• stretch activates fibroblasts to secrete inflammatory mediators that dilute pain mediators and activate 2nd messenger systems that increase protein production to help with recovery

Question 25

Modern understandings of Needling in Musculoskeletal pain: adenosine system (acupuncture/ dry needling for muscle performance)

Answer 25

- mediates secretion of ADP | - if you have more ADP can fire with more force and have more ROM

Question 26

Modern understandings of Needling in Musculoskeletal pain

Answer 26

- myofascial pain - trigger points - stretch-like effects - endogenous opioid system - adenosine system ( for muscle performance) - gate-control theory

Question 27

Acupuncture and the human brain

Answer 27

- can modulate brain activity by activating and inactivating specific areas

Question 28

sensations patients feel during acupuncture

Answer 28

- fullness - numbness - soreness - tingling - heaviness - Pressure - dull pain - warmness - coolness

Question 29

Acupuncture for pain study results

Answer 29

- Acupuncture was superior to both sham and no-acupuncture control for each pain condition - these results were robust to a variety of sensitivity analyses, including those related to publication bias

Question 30

Nerve stimulation in needling

Answer 30

- Low back pain: sciatic nerve - sinusitis: infraorbital N - Blurry eye vision: greater auricular N (C2, C3) - Headache: greater occipital N (C2, C3) - GI systems: sympathetic and parasympathetic N - Urinogenitary symptoms: sacral N

Question 31

East Meets West

Answer 31

- Acupuncture vs dry needle technique ( same needles) - acupoints vs trigger points - electroacupuncture treatment vs eletrotherapy - tuina (massage) vs soft tissue mobilization (comes from chinese massage) - OM moxibustion and cupping vs hot pack

Question 32

Effectiveness of Dry Needling for Upper-Quarter Myofascial Pain study results

Answer 32

- Dry needling compared to sham or placebo is recommended for decreasing pain immediately after treatment and at 4 weeks in pts with upper quarter MPS