Massage

Question 1

Therapeutic massage effects

Answer 1

• Assessment
• invigorate the body
• promote relaxation
• promote superficial blood flow
• increased pain threshold
• can promote lymph flow to reduce edema
• increased soft tissue extensibility
• decreased scar tissue
• restore joint mobility

Question 2

Massage indications

Answer 2

• Pain
• muscle spasm
• edema
• scar tissue adhesions
• headache
• muscle soreness
• to increase local bloodflow
• to assist with lymph drainage

Question 3

Massage contraindications

Answer 3

• arteriosclerosis
• thrombosis
• embolism
• acute phlebitis
• severe varicose veins
• cellulitis/skin infections
• acute inflammation
• cancer
• open wounds

Question 4

Therapeutic massage vs rubdown

Answer 4

• therapeutic= relating to tx for a disease or disorder. Pt required as part of treatment
• Relaxation= pt desires rubdown to relax muscles or self due to overwork or tension
• required vs desired

Question 5

reflexive effects

Answer 5

• massage seems to act on local sensory and motor nerves as well as the CNS
• Capable of inducing sedation
• slow, gentle, rhythmic and superficial effleurage may relieve tension & relax musculature
• attempts to exert effects through the skin and superficial connective tissues via sensory receptors (reflex effects of the ANS)
• Pain, circulation, and metabolism

Question 6

Mechanical effects

Answer 6

• mechanical effects are always accompanied by reflexive effects but with an inverse relationship
• muscle elongation and mobilization of soft tissue adhesions
• increases blood flow to skeletal muscle
• may retard muscle atrophy following injury
• increases skin temp

Question 7

Resting poisiton

Answer 7

placing hands on client

• used to enter their space
• open, relaxed hands

Question 8

Effleurage description/purpose

Answer 8

• A motion gliding lightly over the skin without attempting to move deeper tissues
• purpose:
• to accustom pt to touch
• to apply lube
• to increase skin circulation
• to increase rate of metabolic exchange in the periphery

Question 9

Effleurage technique

Answer 9

• Stroke is made with the heel of the hand, fingers slightly bent and the thumbs spread
• stoking should be light at first
• once unidirectional stroking has been established it should be maintained through tx
• movement should be toward the heart
• contact with the pt should be maintained at all times to enhance relaxation

Question 10

Kneading or Petrissage description/purpose

Answer 10

kneading of soft tissue that presses and rolls the muscle under the fingers or hands

• Purpose:
• to increase venous and lymphatic return
• to press metabolic waste products out of the target tissue
• break up adhesions between the skin and underlying tissue
• loosen adherent fibrous tissue
• increase elasticity in the skin

Question 11

Kneading or Petrissage technique

Answer 11

• Application of pressure by repeatedly grasping and releasing the muscle tissue in a lifting and rolling motion
• should move distal to proximal
• knead parallel to or at right angles to muscle fibers
• can also use skin rolling

Question 12

Compression

Answer 12

Compress down into tissues, press tissues into underlying bone

Question 13

compression technique

Answer 13

• lift-press method
• disconnect from body with each stroke
• provides stimulatory effect to muscle spindle
• use point of thumb, fingers, palm/heel of hand, fist, knuckles, forearm
• apply compression at 90 degrees to tissue

Question 14

vibration

Answer 14

• used to stimulate muscle
• acts of the GTO to cause reciprocal inhibition
• Technique:
• begins with compression
• use forearm muscles in rhythmic motion

Question 15

Shaking

Answer 15

• Relaxes muscle groups or whole limbs
• influences muscle spindle systems and joint proprioceptors
• technique: lift and downward or side-to-side movement

Question 16

rocking

Answer 16

• Soothing, rhythmic motion using whole body
• stimulates vestibular system as well as muscular system
• technique:
• up/down, side/side movement of body
• find pts natural rhythm

Question 17

Tapotement or percussion

Answer 17

• Percussion movements; series of brisk blows
• administered with relaxed hands with rapid, alternating movements
• Purpose:
• stimulate subcutaneous tissues
• increase circulation
• stimulate peripheral nerve endings

Question 18

Hacking

Answer 18

alternate movements with ulnar border of hands

Question 19

slapping

Answer 19

alternate slapping with fingers

Question 20

beating

Answer 20

using half closed fists and beating with the hypothenar eminence of the hand

Question 21

Tapping

Answer 21

using the tips of fingers

Question 22

Cupping

Answer 22

using a concave cup formed by the fingers, thumb and hand together (used mostly for postural drainage)

Question 23

Friction

Answer 23

• Small, deep movements to select tissue
• utilizes shear forces
• used to break up adhesions
• no lubricant used

Question 24

Direction of stroke

Answer 24

• Gliding: horizontal
• kneading: vertical lifting
• compression: vertical pressing down
• vibration: down then back and forth in direction of fibers
• Friction: vertical pressing down then back and forth across fibers
• percussion/tapotement: vertical, abrupt snapped down