IMM Exam 1 > Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

epitope

A
  • the part of the antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself
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2
Q

time period of adaptive immunity

A
  • slower than innate
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3
Q

potency of adaptive immunity

A
  • more potent against infections than innate
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4
Q

what does adaptive immunity require in response to pathogens before it can provide effective defense?

A
  • expansion and differentiation of lymphocytes
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5
Q

recognition mechanisms of innate immunity

A
  • rapid response
  • fixed
  • limited number of specificities
  • constant during response
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6
Q

recognition mechanisms of adaptive immunity

A
  • slow response
  • variable
  • highly selective specificities
  • improve during response
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7
Q

mature B cells called

A
  • plasma cells
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8
Q

plasma cells secrete

A
  • antibody
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9
Q

mature T cells called

A
  • effector cells
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10
Q

roles of effector T cells

A
  • helper cells

- directly kill infected cells

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11
Q

humoral immunity mediated by

A
  • antibodies (B lymphocyte)
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12
Q

humoral immunity main mechanism for

A
  • defending against extracellular pathogens

- block infections

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13
Q

cell-mediated immunity mediated by

A
  • t lymphocytes
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14
Q

cell-mediated immunity best for

A
  • eliminate microbes that survive within phagocytes
  • eliminate microbes that infected cytosol of non-phagocytic cells
  • kill infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection
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15
Q

function of adaptive immune system

A
  • recognition of “non self” antigens in presence of “self”
  • full elimination of pathogens or pathogen infected cells
  • development of immunological memory to be reactivated if subsequent infections occur
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16
Q

B lymphocyte function

A
  • secrete antibody
  • neutralize microbe
  • phagocytosis
  • activate complement
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17
Q

helper T lymphocyte function

A
  • antigen presented by APC
  • release cytokines
  • activation of macrophages
  • inflammation
  • activation of T and B lymphocytes
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18
Q

CTL function

A
  • infected cell expresses antigen

- killing of infected cell

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19
Q

regulatory T lymphocyte function

A
  • suppression of immune response
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20
Q

development of all immune cells starts where

A
  • bone marrow
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21
Q

after naive lymphocytes have recognized foreign antigens to initiative the adaptive response, what do they need next

A
  • signals to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells
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22
Q

effector cells of CD4 lineage produce

A
  • cytokines
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23
Q

effector cells of CD8 lineage are

A
  • cytotoxic T lymphocytes
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24
Q

migration of: T

  • naive cell
  • activated of effector lymphocyte
  • memory lymphocyte
A
  • peripheral lymph node
  • inflamed tissues
  • lymph node and inflamed tissues
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25
responsiveness to particular antigen of: T - naive cell - activated of effector lymphocyte - memory lymphocyte
- very low - high - low
26
effector functions of: T - naive cell - activated of effector lymphocyte - memory lymphocyte
- none - secrete cytokines/CTLs - none
27
membrane immunoglobulin isotope of: B - naive cell - activated of effector lymphocyte - memory lymphocyte
- IgM and IgD - IgG, IgA, IgE - IgG, IgA, IgE
28
affinity of Ig produced by: B - naive cell - activated of effector lymphocyte - memory lymphocyte
- low - increases during response - high
29
effector function of: B - naive cell - activated of effector lymphocyte - memory lymphocyte
- none - antibody secretion - none
30
antibodies are expressed how
- membrane receptors | - secreted proteins
31
T cell antigen receptor expressed how
- only membrane receptors
32
What comprises the BCR or TCR
- antigen receptors | - attached signaling proteins
33
antigens recognized by BCR
- macromolecules - proteins - polysaccharides - lipids - nucleic acids
34
antigens recognized by TCR
- peptides by MHC on antigen presenting cells
35
diversity of BCR
10^9
36
diversity of TCR
10^11
37
antigen recognition of BCR mediated by
- variable regions of heavy and light chains on membrane IgG
38
antigen recognition of TCR mediated by
- variable regions of alpha and beta chains on TCR
39
signaling functions of BCR mediated by
- proteins on membrane Ig
40
signaling function of TCR mediated by
- proteins on membrane TCR
41
effector function of BCR mediated by
- constant region
42
effector function of TCR mediated by
- no effector function mediated
43
serum concentration levels of antibodies
IgG > IgA > IgM > IgE > IgD GAMED
44
form of IgA
- dimer
45
form of IgM
- pentamer
46
form of IgG/E/D
- monomer
47
``` half life of: G A M E D ```
- 23 - 6 - 5 - 3 - 2
48
function of IgG
- microbe/toxin neutralization - opsonization - activation of complement - antibody dependent NK cytotoxicity - neonatal immunity
49
function of IgM
- activation of complement
50
function of IgA
- mucosal immunity
51
function of IgE
- helminth defense | - mast cell degranulation (allergies)
52
function of IgD
- naive B cell antigen receptor
53
MHC I found where
- on all healthy cells
54
MHC II found where
- on antigen presenting cells - dendritic cells - macrophages - B cells
55
MHC I displays antigen from where
- within cytoplasm
56
MHC II displays antigen from where
- from within vesicles generally already phagocytosed
57
MHC I recognized by
- CD8
58
MHC II recognized by
- CD4
59
examples of CD4 effector cells
- TH1 | - TH17
60
result of TH1 cytokine secretion
- macrophage activation | - killing of ingested microbes
61
result of TH17 cytokine secretion
- inflammation | - killing of microbe
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