IMM Exam 1 > MHC > Flashcards

MHC Flashcards

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1
Q

What do antigen receptors of B cells recognize?

A
  • macromolecules
    • proteins
    • polysaccharides
    • lipids
    • nucleic acids
  • small chemicals in soluble form
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2
Q

what do antigen receptors of T cells recognize

A
  • peptide fragments of protein antigens

- only when present on MHC cells

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3
Q

T-cell mediated immune responses only against

A
  • protein antigens
  • produced in host cells
  • taken up by host cell
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4
Q

antigens can only be recognized in the proper context

A
  • location (anatomic)

- setting (micranatomic/molecular)

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5
Q

where does antigen presentation occur

A
  • lymph node collects antigen from epithelium and connective tissues
  • blood-borne antigens are captured by antigen-presenting cells in the spleen
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6
Q

langerhans cells

A
  • dendritic cells in the skin

- as they capture antigen, they get signals to travel to T cell areas within lymph nodes

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7
Q

where are proteins displayed or recognition by T lymphocytes

A
  • peripheral lymphoid organs
  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
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8
Q

major location of conventional dendritic cells

A
  • tissues
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9
Q

major location of plasmacytoid dendritic cells

A
  • blood

- tissues

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10
Q

major cytokines produced by conventional dendritic cells

A
  • pro-inflammatory
  • TNF
  • IL-6
  • IL-12
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11
Q

major cytokines produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cels

A
  • type I interferons
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12
Q

major functions of conventional dendritic cells

A
  • induction of T cell responses against most antigens
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13
Q

major functions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells

A
  • antiviral innate immunity

- induction of T cell responses against viruses

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14
Q

after dendritic cells capture microbial antigens

A
  • activated
  • and leave their location
  • migrate to draining lymph nodes
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15
Q

what attracts dendritic cells to the lymph nodes

A
  • chemokines produced in the lymphatics and nodes
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16
Q

how to the dendritic cells mature and acquire the ability to present antigen

A
  • in response to signals induced by the microbe such as Toll like receptor signals and cytokines
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17
Q

immature dendritic cells express

A
  • surface receptors that capture microbial antigen
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18
Q

mature dendritic cells express

A
  • high levels of MHC molecules and costimulators

- to stimulate T cells

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19
Q

dendritic cell class II MHC - constitutive or inducible

A
  • constitutive
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20
Q

dendritic cell class II MHC increases with

A
  • maturation
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21
Q

dendritic cell class II MHC increases by (cytokine)

A
  • interferon gamma
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22
Q

dendritic cells costimulators - constitutive or inducible

A
  • constitutive
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23
Q

dendritic cells costimulators increases with

A
  • maturation
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24
Q

dendritic cells costimulators inducible by

A
  • TLR ligands
  • interferon gamma
  • CD40-CD40L interactions
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25
dendritic cells principle function
- initiation of T cell responses to protein antigens
26
macrophages class II MHC - constitute or inducible
- inducible by interferon gamma INTERFERON GAMMA MAKES MACROPHAGES HUGE AF
27
macrophages costimulators - constitutive or inducible
- inducible by: - TLR ligands - interferon gamma - CD40-CD40L interactions
28
macrophages principal function
- effector phase of cell-mediated immune responses
29
B lymphocytes class II MHC - constitutive or inducible
- constitutive
30
B lymphocytes class II MHC increased by
- IL-4
31
B lymphocytes costimulators induced by
- CD40-CD40L interactions | - antigen receptor cross linking
32
B lymphocytes function
- antigen presentation to CD4+ helper T cells in humoral immune responses
33
MHC I pathway (intrinsic or extrinsic)
- intrinsic
34
MHC II pathway (intrinsic or extrinsic)
- extrinsic
35
3 processing pathway
- intracellular - intrinsic - extrinsic
36
3 presentation pathways
- extracellular/surface - multi-molecular - multi-cellular
37
MHC gene products in humans are called
- human leukocyte antigens | - HLAs
38
most important HLAs
- Class I and Class II
39
HLA gene and haplotypes
- certain haplotypes can determine if you are protected or predisposed to certain autoimmune diseases
40
MHC gene expression
- codominantly expressed
41
MHC genes and diversity
- highly polymorphic
42
co-dominant expression
- both parental alleles of each MCH gene are expressed
43
significance of codominant expression for MHC
- increases the number of different MHC molecules that can present peptides to T cells
44
significant of polymorphous genes for MHC
- ensures that different individuals are able to present and respond to different microbial peptides
45
Class II MHC found on
- dendritic cells - macrophages - B cells
46
Class I MHC found on
- all nucleated cells
47
MHC Class I chains
- alpha chain | - beta-2 microglobulin (not coded in MHC)
48
MHC Class I binding cleft
- alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains
49
size of peptide MHC Class I can bind
- 8-11 AA in size
50
part of Class I MHC that binds CD8
- alpha 3
51
polymorphisms in MHC Class I
- mostly alpha 1 and 2
52
MHC II chains
- alpha and beta chains
53
size of peptide MHC II can bind
- 10-30 AA
54
part of MHC II that binds CD4
- beta 2
55
number of antigens MHC can present at a time
- only one peptide at a time | - peptides only
56
how many MHC molecules on the surface
- 10^5
57
how what percentage of MHC must be bound to be activated
- less than 1%
58
significance of slow off rate of MHC molecule
- displays bound peptide for long enough to be located by a T cell
59
CD4 T cell responses
- classic T helper - cell mediated immunity - humoral responses - T regulatory cells
60
CD8 cell responses
- classically CTL responses - kills infected cells - antiviral immunity
61
MHC II enzymes responsible for peptide generation
- endosomal and lysosomal proteases
62
MHC I enzymes responsible for peptide generation
- cytoplasmic proteasome
63
site of peptide loading MHC II
- specialized vesicles
64
site of peptide loading MHC I
- endoplasmic reticulum
65
molecules in volved in transport of peptides and loading of MHC molecules on MHC II
- invariant chain | - DM
66
molecules in volved in transport of peptides and loading of MHC molecules on MHC I
- TAP
67
MHC II Pathway
- uptake of EXTRACELLULAR proteins into vesicular compartments of APC - processing of internalized proteins in endosomal/lysosomal vesicles - biosynthesis and transport of class II MHC molecules to endosomes - association of processes peptides with class II MHC molecules in vesicles - DM provides the switch - expression of peptide MHC complexes on cell surface
68
MHC Class I pathway
- production of proteins in cytosol or phagosome bringing in - proteolytic degradation of proteins by proteasome - transport of peptides into ER by TAP for assembly - packaged in Golgi - released in exocytic vesicle for surface expression
69
dendritic cells can also present to
- CD8 T cells | - through MHC1 expression
70
how dendritic cells present to CD8 T cells
- infected cells and viral antigens picked up by APC | - cross-presentation of viral antigen
71
roles of APC
- co-stimulators - secrete cytokines - present a context for immune regulation - may limit immune responses
72
important chromosome for human HLA
- chromosome 6
IMM Exam 1
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