Aggression

Question 1

Define:

Hostile aggression

Answer 1

• Impulsive aggressive behaviour
• Accompanied by physiological reactions

Question 2

Define:

Instrumental aggression

Answer 2

• Planned, proactive aggression
• Not accompanied by physiological reactions

Question 3

Define:

Violent aggression

Answer 3

Involving physical force

Question 4

Define:

Verbal aggression

Answer 4

Non-physical aggressive behaviour

Question 5

Name:

Causes of aggression

Answer 5

• Hormones
• Priming
• Genetics
• Modeling
• Hostile attribution bias

Question 6

Strengths of cognitive priming for aggression

Answer 6

• Media can prime aggressive behavour
• Fischer + Greitemeyer (2006) - Derogatory song lyrics
• Priming correlates with agression

Question 7

Weaknesses of cognitive priming for aggression

Answer 7

Does not prove that these factors are the cause of aggression

Question 8

Strengths of HAB for aggression

Answer 8

• Studies have found a link between HAB and aggression
• Orobio De Castro (2002)
  Significant link between HAB and aggression in children
• Healy (2015)
  Mothers with HAB had more aggressive children

Question 9

Weaknesses of HAB for aggression

Answer 9

• Research only shows correlation not causation

Question 10

Define:

Gender role norms

Answer 10

Expected behaviour based on gender norms and assumptions

Question 11

Define:

Cultural norms

Answer 11

Expected behaviour based on cultural norms and assumptions

Question 12

Define:

Institutional aggression

Answer 12

Expected aggressive behaviour in certain institutions

Question 13

Strengths of conformity in aggression

Answer 13

• Research shows aggression linked to culture of honour
• Don Cohen (1996) - Bumped into males from northern/southern US - Southern states more aggressive

Question 14

Weaknesses of confirmity in aggression

Answer 14

• Debate over biology vs. norms
• Increased testosterone led to more aggression in males + females

Question 15

Define:

Gender stereotypes

Answer 15

Fixed view of someone based on their gender

Question 16

Define:

Racial/ethnic stereotypes

Answer 16

Fixed view of someone based on their race/ethnicity

Question 17

Strength of stereotypes in aggression

Answer 17

• Stereotype of black people being aggressive
• Glackson + Preston-Schreck - black reality TV contestants portrayed as more aggressive

Question 18

Weakness of stereotypes in aggression

Answer 18

• Not all reasearch shows that gender stereotypes are linked with percieved aggression
• Stewart-Williams (2002) - Students read descriptions of aggressive acts, men not seen as more aggressive in similar acts

Question 19

Define:

Desensitisation

Answer 19

People become less shocked by violence as they are exposed to more of it

Question 20

Define:

Disinhibition

Answer 20

Normal restraints on violence are loosened after exposure

Question 21

Name:

Types of reward

Answer 21

• Tangible
• Social status

Question 22

Define:

Tangible reward

Answer 22

A physical and observable reward

Question 23

Define:

Social status as a reward

Answer 23

Non physical, social reward

Question 24

Strengths of operant conditioning for aggression

Answer 24

• Strong evidence that children learn aggressive behaviour
• Models do not have to be real - can be TV, films, games, etc.
• Helps to understand and prevent development of aggressive behaviour

Question 25

Weaknessess of operant conditioning for aggression

Answer 25

* Hard to explain repeated hostile aggression - will not be rewarded * Hostile aggression better explained by biological approach

Question 26

Male sexual jealousy

Answer 26

* Male retention strategies * Direct guarding * Negative inducement

Question 27

# Define: Male retention strategies

Answer 27

Men take aggressive measures to keep partner

Question 28

# Define: Direct guarding

Answer 28

Monitoring partners behaviour to prevent her from meeting others

Question 29

# Define: Negative inducement

Answer 29

Threats of violence or other consequences

Question 30

Brain structures in aggression

Answer 30

* Amygdila * Orbitofrontal cortex

Question 31

# Define: Amygdila

Answer 31

Part of the brain that responds to enviromental threats

Question 32

# Define: Orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 32

Involved in rational thinking and impulse control

Question 33

Neurochemistry in aggression

Answer 33

* Serotonin * Dopamine * Testosterone

Question 34

# Define: Serotonin in aggression

Answer 34

Levels in the orbotofrontal cortex involved in self control

Question 35

# Define: Dopamine in aggression

Answer 35

Increased levels lead to increased impulsivity

Question 36

# Define: Testosterone in aggression

Answer 36

Increased levels linked with increased aggression

Question 37

Genes and aggression

Answer 37

MAOA gene