Aggression in sport
Main purpose is the intention to harm another participant/ player/ umpire/ spectator
Examples of aggression
verbal aggression and physical aggression
Aggression does not include accidently injuring or harming and doesn’t include eyeballing or intentionally damaging equipment. True of false
True
Types of aggression
assertion aggression
hostile aggression
instrumental aggression
Channelled aggression
Assertion aggression
Sometimes called channelled aggression
No intent to harm
Legitimate force within the rules of the game
unusual effort
e.g. NFL BIG TACKLES
Hostile aggression
intent to harm but goal to harm
Increased arousal and anger involved
Rugby chris ashton and manu tullagi
Instrumental agression
Intent to harm but to goal win
Used as a tactic “dirty play”
no anger, illegal in all sports bar boxing
instinct theory
aggression is innate and instinctive
caused by survival of the species
sport releases built up aggression, catharsis
frustration aggression theory
aggression caused by frustration
The person is being blocked from achieving his goal causing him to drive towards a source of frustration.
Social learning theory
aggression is learned by observation of others behaviour then imitation of this aggressive behaviour it is then reinforced by social acceptance of the behaviour
Aggressive cue hypothesis
Frustration causes anger and arousal which causes readiness for aggression
This can be initiated by an incident during performance (the cue). This is a learned response.
Example of each of the types of aggression
INSTINCT: Reaction after someone shoves you in rugby you shove back
INSTRUMENTAL:
Trying to harm or injure the best player in the team to gain an advantage
HOSTILE:
punching a player in response to something within the game or
Frustration:
Channelled aggression
Responsibility for aggressive behaviour
The performer or influenced by others e.g. officials, parents, teachers/coaches.
Causes of aggression
Physiological arousal
Underdeveloped moral reasoning
Bracketed morality
and others