aggression

Question 1

definition for aggression

Answer 1

intent to harm outside the rules; hostile behaviour

Question 2

definition for assertion

Answer 2

well-motivated behaviour within the rules

Question 3

what are characteristics of aggression

Answer 3

• uncontrolled
• intent to harm
• outside the rules
• reactive

Question 4

what are characteristics of assertion

Answer 4

• controlled
• no intent to harm
• within rules
• motivated

Question 5

how can we explaining aggression: (remember ASIF)

Answer 5

• Aggressive cue Hypothesis
• Social Learning Theory
• Instinct Theory
• Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Question 6

what is the instinct theory?

Answer 6

Instinct theory:

• the aggressive response is innate
• it is a product of our evolution and will surface under provocation. defending territory. Home Pitch!
• players use sport as an outlet for built-up aggressive energy. Catharsis (cleaning the emotions using sport as an outlet for aggression)

Question 7

give a definition for the instinct theory and evaluate it:

Answer 7

Instinct theory - aggression is spontaneous and innate
Evaluation for Instinct theory:
- aggression may not be spontaneous
- aggression is pre-planned/ learned
- evolution, not all aggressive
- performers in aggressive sports calmer away from the game. Through Catharsis

Question 8

what is the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis:

Answer 8

• aggression is inevitable when frustrating circumstances cause our goals to be blocked, e.g. a referee’s decision, poor play or being fouled.
• Blocked Goal causes Frustration, Frustration causes Aggression, Release of Aggression causes Catharsis if not released increased further frustration is felt.

Question 9

what is the aggression cue hypothesis:

Answer 9

• aggression only occurs if learned “cues” are present
• such pre-learned cues, learned from the coach or other players, trigger the aggressive response. for example, a coach may have allowed a football player the defender as his team works for positions in the penalty areas as a corner is taken. the taking of a corner is a learned cue for an aggressive response

Question 10

definition for aggression cue hypothesis:

Answer 10

Aggressive Cue Hypothesis: - Suggests that aggression is caused by a learned trigger
* goals blocked –> arousal –> cues present –> aggression like

–> no cues present –> aggression unlikely

Question 11

what is the social learning theory:

Answer 11

• aggression is learned from experience, coaches, role models and significant others
• aggressive behaviour will be copied if it is reinforced, e.g. a basketball player sees her team captain foul an opponent she is marking closely and the opposing player is put off her game.
• bandura suggested that children will copy the aggressive behaviour of adults, especially in a live situation

Question 12

what is bandura’s model:

Answer 12

bandura’s model:

observe – identify – reinforce – copy

Question 13

how can you prevent aggression:

Answer 13

• don’t reinforce aggressive acts with training
• punishing players with fines, sub them
  -sending players off
  mental rehearsal reduces arousal- Teach cognitive techniques, e.g. imagery
• teach relaxation, stress management, calming players down
• set goals on performance not outcome
  -reinforce assertion in training
• walking away from the situation
• channel aggression into Assertion
  -non aggressive goals
  -highlight non aggressive role models