pe attitudes

Question 1

trait theory

Answer 1

the features or traits that you are born with.

Question 2

interactionist perspective

Answer 2

this concept attempts to explain how aspects of personality are developed and how the behaviour of a sportsman or sportswoman can be influenced by both genetic and environmental influences

Question 3

whats Lewin’s calculation?

Answer 3

B = f (P * E)

Question 4

• behaviour is a … of … and …

- behaviour is adapted to the …, change eniroment … change behaviour

Answer 4

• behaviour is a function of personality and environment

- behaviour is adapted to the environment, change environment = change behaviour

Question 5

social learning approach

Answer 5

social learning is when you learn characteristics and traits from those around us, especially those we hold in high esteem

Question 6

what did Bandura come up with that links to the social learning approach

Answer 6

observe —> identify —> reinforce —> copy

Question 7

what is Hollanders approach to interactionist approach and describe each one

Answer 7

hollander believed that personality is made up of these three features:

1. the core of the performer - represents the values and beliefs of the performer
2. the typical responses - are the use of the inherited traits displayed to specific situations
3. role-related behaviour - this suggests that the performer might adopt or adapt to a very specific role when the situation demands it

Question 8

attitude formation:

Answer 8

• socialisation - process where cultured values are learnt by associating with others
• we learn from significant others when the information is reinforce or repeated
• they are conditioned by behaviour that is successful and reinforced - praise will develop a positive attitude between coach and player
• this can be negative if the behaviour learnt is negative or if the reinforcement is negative - praise for cheating behaviour

Question 9

attidues: Triadic-Model - CAB

Answer 9

1. cognitive - your beliefs and thoughts, e.g. a belief in exercise benefits
2. affective - your feelings or emotional response, e.g. enjoying training
3. behavioural - your actions or intended behaviour, e.g. training three times a week

Question 10

can attitudes be positive or negative

Answer 10

attitudes can be both positive or negative

Question 11

what does a positive attitude create?

Answer 11

• familiarisation
• learned from the models
• learned from beliefs
• learned by condition behaviour
• learned from influence of significant others

Question 12

What are the attitude concepts to change?

Answer 12

cognitive dissonance - Joe Topa agreement

persuasive communication - “that behaviour isnt helping so pick yourself up and go again”

Question 13

what is cognitive dissonance

Answer 13

cognitive dissonance:

• new inforamtion given to the performer to cause unease and motivate change
• dissonance means to create some conflict
• this is settled when attitudes are aligned and discomfort/conflict resolved

Question 14

what is persuasive communication

Answer 14

• you can be talked around but it is hard if core beliefs are stable making people resiliant to change
• the message needs to be understood and have real quality
• new information should outweigh old beliefs allowing a change in attitude
• the message should be given by someone of high status or the model to have an effect
• timing is also important

Question 15

changing attitudes -

negative attitudes can be changed to positive ones by:

Answer 15

• persuasion from a “perceived expert”
• making it fun when they train
• allowing early access
• using positive reinforcement and results
• pointing out the benefits of exercise
• using role models
  cognitive dissonance

Question 16

what will a positive attitude do for the sports performer:

Answer 16

positive attitude can mean that the sports performers are prepared to keep trying and enjoying their sport

Question 17

what does the influence of others cause

Answer 17

the influence of others has a bearing on how attitudes are formed

Question 18

how can a negative attitude be changed

Answer 18

negative attitudes can be changed into possitive ones by such psychological concepts as cognitive dissonance and persuasion.

Question 19

what is vicarious learning

Answer 19

vicarious learning is the observational learning, occurs when a person is motivated.