group cohesion

Question 1

cohesion definition

Answer 1

• desire of group members to achieve their goals
• forces acting to keep members within the group/ integrated and focused
• this can lead to success or can come from success
• can be task or social

Question 2

Co-action definition

Answer 2

in some sports success comes from people all pulling together. Everyone completes the task at the same time separately.
E.g. a Rowing team pulling together

Question 3

interaction definition

Answer 3

in other tasks success depends on everyone completing different roles but having to integrate them all together.
E.g. most team sports like netball, football etc

Question 4

Carrons Antecedents - the factors that may affect cohesion

what are the 4 main influences on a team that may influence cohesion?

Answer 4

• environment factors: group size, geography, contractual obligations
• personal factors: group similarity, gender, aspirations/ satisfaction
• Team factors: ability, stability, desire for success, shared experiences
• leadership factors: leader style, leader-team relationship

Question 5

what is task cohesion:

Answer 5

• individuals working together to achieve an end result/ common goal
• allows members to make their own contribution

Question 6

what is social cohesion:

Answer 6

• individuals relating to each other to interact in the group
• allows support for each other and trust to develop

Question 7

what affects Cohesion:

Answer 7

Affected by:

• communication
• past success
• sharing common goals
• unequal pay or rewards
• personality
• threats to the team
• type of sport
• size of the group
• similarity of group members
• likelihood of future success

Question 8

Lack of cohesion is caused by…:

Answer 8

By:

• poor tactics
• lack of communication
• misunderstanding of roles or the coaches instructions
• bad timing
• poor strategies
• social loafing

Question 9

Steiner Model (1972) Formula

Answer 9

Actual Productivity = Potential Productivity - Losses duo to Faulty Process
AP = PP - FP

Question 10

what is Steiners model:

Answer 10

• Actual Productivity - the performance of the team during the game, the result: a win
• Potential Productivity - the groups best performance/ maximum capability when at optimal cohesiveness
  < affected by skills and ability
• Faulty Processes - factors that go wrong and reduce cohesiveness
  < poor coordination or cooperation
  < not listening to a coach, misunderstood patterns/roles, motivation poor cooperation and bad communication

Question 11

what is the Ringelman Effect

Answer 11

• when group performance decreases with group size

- a study of ‘tug of war’ found that a team of eight did not pull eight times as hard as an individual

Question 12

what is Social Loafing

Answer 12

• INDIVIDUAL loss of motivation in a team player due to a lock of performance identification when individual efforts are not realised.
• Social loafers take the easy option and make limited contribution to the cause, you can spot lazy players.

Question 13

causes of social loafing

Answer 13

• low confidence
• lack of fitness
• low ability
• injury
• negative attitude
• failure to understand a role
• a belief your effort won’t change the result
• social inhibition
• poor leadership (coach/captain)
• no recognition of previous performances
• lack of reinforcement
• High State/ Trait Anxiety

Question 14

how to avoid Social Loafing by Improving Cohesion

Answer 14

• highlighting individual performance
• statistics
• peer group pressure
• give specific roles/ responsibilities
• developing social cohesion
• praising rewarding behaviour
• raising individuals behaviour
• encouraging group identity (kits)
• ensuring leadership matches the group
• selecting players who work well together
• setting achievable, process goals rather than outcome goals.
• continually emphasising the team goal
• selecting player who don’t social loaf
• punish social loaf
• increasing coordination - team plays etc
• training with an audience present